SPECIFIC TOPIC: Water pollution
REFERENCE BOOK: Integrated Science for JSCE by Adebayo Begun
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. Explain water pollution
b. Mention water or aquatic pollutants
c. State affects of water pollution
d. Enumerate control measure of water pollution
CONTENT: Water Pollution
Water pollution is the introduction of harmful substance into the water. With the introduction of pollutant in water, the water becomes harmful to both man and the aquatic organism in it.
Water pollutants are:
a. Domestic wastes
b. Industrial wastes such as dyes from textile factories oil etc
c. Agricultural pollutants like pesticides, fertilizers
Effects of water pollution
a. Kill aquatic organism
b. Spreading of diseases
c. Reduces light penetration into the water and therefore reduce photosynthesis in aquatic habitat.
d. Reduces oxygen in water.
Control measures of water pollution
a. Limit or control the use of pesticide or fertilizers near river etc
b. Treatment of sewage before it is discharged into water
c. Burning and buying of refuse
d. Use of harmless detergent
EVALUATION:
a. Explain water pollution
b. Mention water pollutants
c. State effects of water pollution
d. Highlights ways of controlling water pollution
further studies
http://www.facts-about.org.uk/facts-abo ... lution.htm
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/
http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/water ... facts.html
http://www.startlocal.com.au/articles/e ... ution.html
practice test
http://areitz71.myweb.uga.edu/edit6170/
http://www.keepbanderabeautiful.org/waterquiz.html
http://www.quizmoz.com/quizzes/Earth-Sc ... n-Quiz.asp
http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/qui ... quiz01.htm
TOPIC: THERMAL ENERGY
CONTENT:
1. Heat flow
2. Transfer of Heat Energy
3. Application of conduction, convection and radiation.
SUB-TOPIC 1: THERMAL ENERGY (HEAT FLOW)
Thermal energy or heat energy is a form of energy. It is a form of energy that flows from a hot area to a cold one, that is from one place to another.
SUB-TOPIC 2: TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY.
There are three notable ways through which heat is transferred. They are:
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
CONDUCTION:
In terms of kinetic theory conduction is the transfer of energy all alone in the solid from a region of higher temperature to that of lower temperature without bulk movement of solid molecules. e.g. Iron rod, Metal spoon, e.t.c.
CONVECTION:
In terms of kinetic theory convection is the transfer of heat energy from one part of the body by the actual movement of the molecules of the body due to difference in densities.
RADIATION:
Radiation is the transfer of heat from a hot body to a cold one without the aid of a medium.
NOTE:
Heat from the sun gets to the earth through radiation.
Medium plays an active part in conduction and convection while in radiation medium is not necessary.
EVALUATION
State three ways by which heat can be transformed from one point to another. Given one example of each.
SUB-TOPIC 3: APPLICATIONS OF CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
1. APPLICATION OF CONDUCTION
(i) Heat conduction is applied in cooking with metal pot e.g. Aluminum pots.
2. APPLICATION OF CONVECTION
(i) Land and sea breezes are phenomena based on convection of air.
(ii) Cooling of the car engine is by convection.
3. APPLICATION OF RADIATION
(i) Cars are usually painted white in hot region so that heat may be reflected instead of heat to be absorbed. Black cars absorb heat .It will be very hot during hot weather.
(ii) Roofs of many factories are painted with aluminum. Heat is reflected during hot season. The shining surface prevents heat loss during cold weather.
(iii) Also people living in hot country prefer to wear white clothes because of its reflection properties.
EVALUATION
1. Give two applications of conduction, convection and radiation.
2. Give the major different between Radiation and other forms of energy transfer.
