Pen-Write E-Library - Private

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
1. Revision of Second Term Work/Keyboarding as a communication
Tool.
2. Speed Development and Accuracy Skills: Alphabetic sentence drills.
3. Speed Development and Accuracy Skills: One line sentence drills
4. Speed Development and Accuracy Skills: Accuracy and speed drills
5. Speed Development and Accuracy Skills: Speed burst of one ten
Minutes.
6. Techniques Development in keyboarding : (a) Tabular
(i) Description (ii) Uses (iii) Parts (iv) Techniques of use
7. Keyboarding (cont’d): (b) Line space regulator:- Description, Uses,
Parts, Techniques of use. (c) Carriage return lever:- description,
Uses, parts, techniques of use.
8&9. Keyboarding (cont’d): Paragraphing: Methods of paragraphing –
Block paragraphing, indented paragraphing and hanging
Paragraphing.
10. Revision.

Topic: Revision of Last Term’s Work /Key Boarding as a Communication Tool.

CONTENT: 1. Meaning of keyboarding and Importance of keyboarding
2. Correct posture for keyboarding

SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING OF KEY BOARDING
Keyboarding is the act of using special machines like typewriter and computer to produce valuable documents in mailable form.
IMPORTANCE OF KEYBOARDING
The importance of keyboarding includes the following:
1. It makes production of documents easier than the use of pen.
2. It provides neater and clearer documents.
3. It provides various jobs opportunities

SUB-TOPIC 2: CORRECT POSTURE FOR KEYBOARDING
For a correct sitting position, the under-listed points should be observed:
i. Place your manuscript on the right hand side of the machine.
ii. Your fingers should be placed on the home keys/guide
Keys.
iii. Assign numbers to the fingers.
iv. Keep your left thumb close to your left first finger.
v. Extend your right thumb so that slightly above the centre
of the space bar.
vi. At this junction, check your posture:
(a) Your arms should hang naturally at your sides with elbows well positioned.
(b) Hold your head erect facing the manuscript.
(c) Hold your shoulder back and relax.
(d) Position yourself opposite the ‘J’ key.
(e) Straighten your back with your body slopping slightly forward from
the hips.
(f) Sit in an upright position.
(g) Feet should be firmly placed on the floor, preferably with one
slightly in front of the other to give balance.
(h) Wrist to be kept low and straight.
(i) Never type while looking at the keyboard.
EVALUATION
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objectives:
1. To master the keyboard, you are________ A. Supposed to look at the
Keyboard B. Not supposed to look at the keyboard C. Supposed to master
the keyboard D. Supposed to type on the keyboard.
2. Keeping one’s eyes on the copy to be typed is one the ways to________ A. Be fast on the keyboard B. Master the keyboard C. Clean typing D. Know the home keys.
3. While typing is going on, your fingers are supposed to be________ A. Curved on the home keys B. Resting on the frame of the computer C. Hanged above your shoulder D. Flat resting on the home keys.
4. The palms should always be _______ A. On the typewriter frame B. Off the typewriter frame C. On the home keys D. Off the home keys
ESSAY
1. (A) What is keyboarding?
(B) List four importance of keyboarding
2. (A) Mention some of the things you will do to achieve a correct sitting
Position while typing.
(B) Briefly describe the correct keyboarding posture.

TOPIC: SPEED DEVELOPMENT AND ACCURACY SKILLS: ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS
CONTENTS
1. Reminding the students about the keys (Revision)
2. Word formation (Revision)
3. Application of known keys (Revision)
4. Alphabetic sentence drills
SUB-TOPIC 1: REMINDING THE STUDENTS ABOUT THE KEYS (REVISION)
The nature of typewriting demands that students should be reminded what they have learnt about the proper strikes of keys on the home row, upper row, bottom row, top row and special characters and figures.

(A) Students should be reminded that the home keys contain the guide or home keys. The four fingers (excluding the thumb) of the left hand are placed on “asdf” while the four fingers of the right hand are placed on “;lkj”. It is from here that the fingers move up and down the entire keyboard.
ACTIVITY
Type each line of the below alphabetic sentence drills for all the keys on the typewriter at least 3 times.
Spacing: Single
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (asdf & ;skj, J&f, k&d, l&s, ;&a h& e, n& g)
1. She sang; she sells eggs; he and she;
2. He sells hens; eggs and hens
3. A lad fell; he sells jade shells
(D) Keys i, r & finger for i, f finger for r
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS ( i, r, o & shift key, m&w)
1. More farmers are making meals.
2. We will work as he likes
3. We shall walk on a green lawn.
4. Mariam makes a good maid.
5. She is meek.
ALPHABETICAL SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (t&u)
1. Efik Ilesha Akure Wale Wali.
2. Alfa Audu Dare Sade Sola Ronke.
3. Take out Audu and Ronke.
4. The first girl took the dress.
5. Take her. Take the dress.
6. Audu is in the house.
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS ( b, c)
1. Mr. Fash is going to Akure.
2. We are all going too.
3. Make a ring round the house.
4. The new officer is on tour.
5. Mrs. Abdul is a good teacher.
6. Tamuno is a friend of mine.
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (y& v)
1. I am seeing him tomorrow.
2. The tour will take us to Kano.
3. The school girls are on a visit.
4. You have to come with them.

ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (p&x)
1. We started the journey late.
2. The journey took us to Jos.
3. There were many in the group.
4. Isiaka and Yusuf were taken.
5. The others had to fly to Lagos.
6. We took the train from Ilorin
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEY (q)
1. Adamu answered the question.
2. The queen ant was found here.
3. Okon quarrelled with Asuquo.
4. The manager issued a query
5. I saw Augu, Obi and Ade yesterday.
6. Let us invite Orume.
7. Obienu telephoned today.
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (colon, z, hyphen, question mark & shift lock)
1. Osaze is not in school today.
2. The teacher said he is lazy.
3. I am going out with a friend .
4. My sister took her shoes from me.
5. Musa saw Amina at the station.
6. She was going to Sokoto.
7. The lazy boys were left behind.
ALPHABETIC SENTENCE DRILLS FOR KEYS (hyphen & question mark (?) and shift lock)
1. a-b-c- -p-? P? P a-a b-b c-c
2. Why are you here?
3. Where did she go?
4. What is your name?
5. Where do you live?
6. I shall be going next week.
7. He is a very good friend.
8. Kemi spent three hours there.
9. Atim is a very fast typist.
10. She is a good shorthand writer.
11. There are ten oranges.
12. Five mangoes are in the box.


EVALUATION:

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

N.B: The nature of typewriting demands constant practice. Therefore, students should use their spare times to repeat all the above alphabetic sentence drills as many times as possible, as this will enhance perfection.

TOPIC : SPEED DEVELOPMENT AND ACCURACY SKILLS: ONE LINE SENTENCE DRILLS

Previews
SUB-TOPIC: Exercises and consolidation drills

Full content

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 1
Type each line at least 3 times
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

He was the young man who won the prize.
Eze was the best student in form three.
Bayo will be getting married next week.
Dami got first position in their class.
Ogu is a beautiful, and very kind girl.
Okonkwo was a good wrestler in his time.
Ogbuefi promised to bring the book now.
Fatai deceived his friend and ran away.
Ekwefi took after her mother in beauty.
Memuna is a very good and loving woman.



CONSOLIDATION DRILL 2
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

The governor frowns at the lazy worker.
Remember to see them on your way there.
Abiola could not meet them in the open.
Perhaps he is on the way to the mosque.
Banks are sometimes shut on Saturdays.
We shall be gone for a month in August.
The shops were selling lots of watches.
The garden in my house is rich in peas.
Bulama is simple, but his son is tough.
Leave all the books consulted for them.

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 3
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

We raced down the path to the bus stop.
The hospital needs men of good conduct.
My brother takes no interest in sports.
A collection of drawings is on display.
I do not care for that kind of wrapper.
Do you mind if the girl goes with them?
Christopher must comply with the order.
I should work very hard during the day.
Nwosu is going to the lecture room now.
Put in the very best and you will reap.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 4
Type each line at 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

Audu needs some money for this journey.
Time is very important to every person.
As a player, he is in the second class.
The advertisement occupied a full page.
I deliver in your districts every week.
We hope you will come and hear us talk.
Look after the offices while I am away.
Fares rose considerably as we expected.
I take after my uncle as a salesperson.
Jumoke is pretty, and she is very kind.

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 5
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

Talatu is the last born of her parents.
Ngozi eats very much; she likes eating.
Kunle comes here every day; he likes it.
Chinweze is a lazy boy, and very dirty.
Laraba is generally loyal to everybody.



Iyiola is very hardworking, and gentle.
The hotel have enough rooms for us all.
It is necessary to observe these rules.
Please bring along your writing papers.
It is important we attend that meeting.



EVALUATION

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

N.B: The nature of typewriting demands constant practice. Therefore, students should use their spare times to repeat all the above one line sentence drills as many times as possible, as this will enhance perfection.







WEEK 4
SPEED DEVELOPMENT AND ACCURACY SKILLS: ACCURACY AND SPEED DRILLS.

Preview
SUB-TOPIC: SPEED-BUILDING EXERCISE.

Full content

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 1

On my return journey, I had a more pleasant view of the farm.
From the hedge on which I stood. I could see cows nursing
their calves, the sheep and goats grazing in the field and
chocho the dog, giving a cook the fright of its life. The
curl of smoke from the farm-house and the shouts of the
children welcome me home


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 2
We all suspected that grandfather must have slipped into tell-
ing one of her favourite fairy tales again. The problem is,
she never admits that they are tales, and that such events
never occurred when she was young. I would like to believe
she does not think us fools enough to accept that there really
was a goat with horns, 2 pairs of eyes, and 6 legs. It is incredible.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 3
We are lodged in a beautiful hotel on a hill but the critique
workshops is very strenuous. One has to work from early in the
morning till late at night. We all leave the conference room
feeling the fatigue in our limbs and the long hours of work
prevent us from taking further interest in our surroundings.
the dawns are the most beautify part of the days here; I feel




refreshed after the night’s rest and I could even watch the
sunrise from my windows. The sight is breathtaking.
EVALUATION

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

N.B: The nature of typewriting demands constant practice. Therefore, students should use their spare times to repeat all the above accuracy and speed drills as many times as possible, as this will enhance perfection.

MAIN TOPIC: TYPING DRILLS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Consolidation Drills
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS1 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 25-29
WABP JSS Business Studies 1by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 50-57

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 type given paragraphs accurately

CONTENTS:
SUB-TOPIC: Exercises and consolidation drills



Full content

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 1
Type each line at least 3 times
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

He was the young man who won the prize.
Eze was the best student in form three.
Bayo will be getting married next week.
Dami got first position in their class.
Ogu is a beautiful, and very kind girl.
Okonkwo was a good wrestler in his time.
Ogbuefi promised to bring the book now.
Fatai deceived his friend and ran away.
Ekwefi took after her mother in beauty.
Memuna is a very good and loving woman.



CONSOLIDATION DRILL 2
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

The governor frowns at the lazy worker.
Remember to see them on your way there.
Abiola could not meet them in the open.
Perhaps he is on the way to the mosque.
Banks are sometimes shut on Saturdays.
We shall be gone for a month in August.
The shops were selling lots of watches.
The garden in my house is rich in peas.
Bulama is simple, but his son is tough.
Leave all the books consulted for them.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 3
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

We raced down the path to the bus stop.
The hospital needs men of good conduct.
My brother takes no interest in sports.
A collection of drawings is on display.
I do not care for that kind of wrapper.
Do you mind if the girl goes with them?
Christopher must comply with the order.
I should work very hard during the day.
Nwosu is going to the lecture room now.
Put in the very best and you will reap.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 4
Type each line at 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

Audu needs some money for this journey.
Time is very important to every person.
As a player, he is in the second class.
The advertisement occupied a full page.
I deliver in your districts every week.
We hope you will come and hear us talk.
Look after the offices while I am away.
Fares rose considerably as we expected.
I take after my uncle as a salesperson.
Jumoke is pretty, and she is very kind.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 5
Type each line at least 3 times.
Typing line: 40 spaces
Spacing: Single

Talatu is the last born of her parents.
Ngozi eats very much; she likes eating.
Kunle comes here every day; he likes it.
Chinweze is a lazy boy, and very dirty.
Laraba is generally loyal to everybody.



Iyiola is very hardworking, and gentle.
The hotel have enough rooms for us all.
It is necessary to observe these rules.
Please bring along your writing papers.
It is important we attend that meeting.


EVALUATION
N.B: The nature of typewriting demands constant practice. Therefore, students should use their spare times to repeat all the above one line sentence drills as many times as possible, as this will enhance perfection.

further studies
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00261



practice test
http://www.powertyping.com/qwerty/lessonsq.html

http://www.typeonline.co.uk/copypractice.php

http://www.keybr.com/

SPEED DEVELOPMENT AND ACCURACY SKILLS: SPEED BURST OF ONE- TEN MINUTES

Preview
SUB-TOPIC Speed-building Exercise (Speed burst of one-ten minutes)

Full content
N.B: Type each of the following consolidation drills using single line spacing.
Time/Duration: 10 minutes each drill.
CONSOLIDATION DRILL 1
Learning is a skill, which the student needs to develop
just as a prospective mechanic needs to practise his trade.
for this reason, it is as necessary for the student to work
out a programme for his studies as it is for a general to
plan his attach on the enemy. It becomes necessary therefore
to plan out a programme, so that the time spent on this
important aspect should not be regarded as wasted.
it is a good idea to provide a student with a syllabus
at the beginning of this course, so that he can plan for
himself. Here, a progress chart will be very hopeful in esti-
mating his chances of success in the examination for which he
is preparing. A simple time-table is also very important as
it helps the student to get into the habit of working at a
definite time and for a specific period; this is a good thing,
because habit saves energy. The chances of his being dis-
tracted will become less as friends gradually learn
the hours when he may not be disturbed; but, on the other
hand, he should not forget he needs leisure which will then
be better planned and become more pleasurable.
it is left with the student to adopt the most suitable
method of study for himself, depending on his ability

CONSOLIDATION DRILL 2
The suggestion by various chief executives on the question
of raw materials are welcome but the problem is how to
carry out these suggestions. As you can see, no company is
ready to start the production of raw material. The government
should take the lead and assign the functions to industries
and company.
for example, the companies should be given a time when
they would not be allowed again to import raw materials. In
this case, government would grant some tax relief for
their investment programmes.
the government should rent out land to farmers at a very
cheap rate and give more grants to enable them to develop the
land. The government has, for many years, carried on with the
development of many capital projects all alone and sometimes
with foreign partners.
the breweries for instance should start now to think of
how to produce some of the imports required for their various
industries. It will be a good idea if they start now to
develop their wheat and maize farms.


CONSOLIDATION DRILL 3
Nigeria is one of the countries in the world where
farmers produce yams in abundance. The annual production is
celebrated in some parts of the country. This is called the
festival of the new yam. Most farmers’ wives arranged for
the sales of these yams starting from early in the month of
June when the new ones are being harvested. Those who love
pounded yam in some states in this country would pay any
amount of money for a few pieces of yam sold on our highways.
in recent years, the promotion of agriculture has
encouraged many people to start farming on a small scale
this has, in fact, led to mass production of yams, maize,
tomatoes, vegetables, and even poultry.
sometime in the mid-seventies, the ministry of Agriculture
of some state government sold poultry cages and 20 layers to
those willing to buy at a reduced price. Those who accepted
the offer at that time are, today, big poultry farmers.
the austerity measures notwithstanding, yams have now
become the most staple foodstuff in our country. They are
readily available in our markets in large quantities throughout
the year. Different types of foods can be made from yams;
these include fried yams, porridge and the most popular-
pounded yam. It is hoped that very soon, mechanised farming
will help farmers with mass production.

EVALUATION

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

N.B: The nature of typewriting demands constant practice. Therefore, students should use their spare times to repeat all the above speed burst drills as many times as possible, as this will enhance perfection.

Topic: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT IN KEYBOARDING: THE TABULAR KEY
CONTENT: a. The Tabulator Key
b. The Margin Release Key
c. Typewriter Ribbon

SUB-TOPIC1 : THE TABULATOR KEY
This enables the carriage to move quickly to another position when operated or when depressed.
USES OF TABULATOR KEY
1. It is used for paragraph indentation
2. For typing column
TECHNIQUES OF USE
It is operated by setting the tabular key at a required position and when depressed, the carriage moves faster to a position where the stop is set. For example, let’s assume you want to set the tabular key at 10, all you need do is to tap the space bar ten times from the left margin. Then press the tabular stop, to stop it at 10 point. Thereafter, when the tabular key is pressed, the carriage will move to the point where the tab is set.
SUB-TOPIC 2 : THE MARGIN RELEASE KEY
This key is depressed in order to enable the keyboard type beyond the margin that has been set at both ends of the line. It is marked by a single or a double arrow-head on the keyboard.

SUB-TOPIC 3: TYPEWRITER RIBBONS
The typewriter ribbons enable impression to be made on the paper after striking a key. The ribbon is carried on two spools which winds automatically from one spool to another.
When a faint impression is noticed on the paper, a new ribbon must be placed.
TYPES OF RIBBON
There are many types of ribbon, but we will mention two: Monochrome and Bichrome Ribbon
a. Monochrome Ribbon: This has only one colour, usually black.
b. Bichrome Ribbon: This has a combination of red and black colours.
HOW TO FIX A TYPEWRITER RIBBON
The method of fixing a ribbon depends on the make of the typewriter. However, the following steps can be adopted
1. Remove the typewriter cover
2. Wind the old ribbon into the right-hand spool, in order to have one empty spool.
3. The ribbon carrier should be raised or locked by pressing down the shift-lock. Then set the ribbon control to enable you to type on the lower part of the ribbon
4. Remove the ribbon from the carrier and take off the spools.
5. Take the new ribbon and fasten the loose end of the ribbon to the empty spool.
6. Wind a little of the new ribbon on to the empty spool.
7. Put the spools in their places. Thread the ribbon indicator through the ribbon carrier
8. Release the shift lock. Return the ribbon indicator to enable you type on the top strip of the ribbon
9. Clean the keys often as this will make your work clean and clear.
EVALUATION
1. State the uses of
a. tabular key
b. Margin Release key
2. Mention four steps of fixing typewriter Ribbon



Topic: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT IN KEYBOARDING: Line Space Regulator
CONTENT: 1. Line Space Regulator
2. Carriage ReturnLever
3. Dividing words at the end of a line

SUB-TOPIC 1: LINE SPACE REGULATOR
The line-space regulator is located on the carriage. It is used to control the spacing required between lines. It has three levels. The regulator may be set for single, double or triple. However, most typewriters have provision for half spacing.
PARTS OF LINE SPACE REGULATOR
1. When the regulator is set at 1, this is called Single-Line Spacing
2. When the regulator is set at 2, this is called Double-Line Spacing
3. When the regulator is set at 3, this is called Triple-Line Spacing
TECHNIQUES OF USE
a. When the line-spacing regulator is set at 1, the typed document looks like this:









b. When the line-spacing regulator is set at 2, the typewritten letters appear thus:
















c. When the line-spacing regulator is set at 3, the typewritten document looks like this:









SUB-TOPIC 2: CARRIAGE RETURN LEVER: DESCRIPTION, USES, PARTS, TECHNIQUES OF USE
The Carriage Return Lever is used when a new line is to be started by turning up the typing sheet. The first finger of the left hand supported by the other fingers of this hand moves the carriage when this is to be achieved.


The Carriage Return Lever is marked with Letter D

USES
1. The Carriage Return Lever is used in turning up the typing sheet, when a new line is to be started.
2. It is used in moving the carriage to the right.

Teacher demonstrates the technique of usage to the students.


EVALUATION

1. Explain the uses of the Line-Space regulator.
2. When the regulator is set at 2, what do you call spacing line?
3. Explain the uses of Carriage Return Lever

SUB-TOPIC 3: DIVISION OF WORDS AT LINE END
When approaching the end of a typing line, a bell rings to indicate that there are only five or six spaces to the end of the line. A decision has to be made whether the word that is being typed or the next word to be typed can fit into the available space or not.
To divide a word at the end of a line, a hyphen must be inserted to indicate that a part of the word has been carried to another line.
HOW TO DIVIDE WORDS
1. Divide after a syllable i.e. according to pronunciation. E.g. Win-dow, Mar-ket
2. Divide after a prefix: E.g. pre-cede, im-port
3. Divide before a suffix: E.g. Watch-ful, use-less
4. Divide hyphenated word: E.g. co-operate
5. Divide words with double consonants in the middle: E.g. Bril-liant, suc-cess
6. Do not divide words of one syllable. E.g. come, help
7. Do not divide abbreviations. E.g. WASCE, OAU, UNN
8. Do not divide numbers or titles. E.g. 5,000, 200,000
ACTIVITY
Type the following words, putting hyphen where necessary: flourist, hectic, beneath, permit, reward, intelligent, relation, Excellent



MAIN TOPIC: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT IN KEYBOARDING:
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Line Space Regulator
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al.
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Explain line spacing
 use the line space regulator in typing

CONTENT: 1. Line Space Regulator
2. Carriage ReturnLever
3. Dividing words at the end of a line

SUB-TOPIC 1: LINE SPACE REGULATOR
The line-space regulator is located on the carriage. It is used to control the spacing required between lines. It has three levels. The regulator may be set for single, double or triple. However, most typewriters have provision for half spacing.

PARTS OF LINE SPACE REGULATOR
1. When the regulator is set at 1, this is called Single-Line Spacing
2. When the regulator is set at 2, this is called Double-Line Spacing
3. When the regulator is set at 3, this is called Triple-Line Spacing

TECHNIQUES OF USE
a. When the line-spacing regulator is set at 1 or 2, the typed document looks like this:





c. When the line-spacing regulator is set at 3, the typewritten document looks like this:


Today is bright, I hope you know

Today is bright, I hope you know

Today is bright, I hope you know

Today is bright, I hope you know


CARRIAGE RETURN LEVER: DESCRIPTION, USES, PARTS, TECHNIQUES OF USE
The Carriage Return Lever is used when a new line is to be started by turning up the typing sheet. The first finger of the left hand supported by the other fingers of this hand moves the carriage when this is to be achieved.


The Carriage Return Lever is marked with Letter D

USES
1. The Carriage Return Lever is used in turning up the typing sheet, when a new line is to be started.
2. It is used in moving the carriage to the right.

Teacher demonstrates the technique of usage to the students.


EVALUATION

1. Explain the uses of the Line-Space regulator.
2. When the regulator is set at 2, what do you call spacing line?
3. Explain the uses of Carriage Return Lever



DIVISION OF WORDS AT LINE END
When approaching the end of a typing line, a bell rings to indicate that there are only five or six spaces to the end of the line. A decision has to be made whether the word that is being typed or the next word to be typed can fit into the available space or not.
To divide a word at the end of a line, a hyphen must be inserted to indicate that a part of the word has been carried to another line.

HOW TO DIVIDE WORDS
1. Divide after a syllable i.e. according to pronunciation. E.g. Win-dow, Mar-ket
2. Divide after a prefix: E.g. pre-cede, im-port
3. Divide before a suffix: E.g. Watch-ful, use-less
4. Divide hyphenated word: E.g. co-operate
5. Divide words with double consonants in the middle: E.g. Bril-liant, suc-cess
6. Do not divide words of one syllable. E.g. come, help
7. Do not divide abbreviations. E.g. WASCE, OAU, UNN
8. Do not divide numbers or titles. E.g. 5,000, 200,000

ACTIVITY
Type the following words, putting hyphen where necessary: flourist, hectic, beneath, permit, reward, intelligent, relation, Excellent

further studies
http://cnr.ncsu.edu/blogs/gis-portfolios/typography/




LESSON 70
MAIN TOPIC: CASH BOOK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: More exercises on cash book
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al. Pages 52-56
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 77-83

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Do more exercises on single and double column cashbook

CONTENTS:
Exercise 2 WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 83

EVALUATION:
Exercise 1 WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 86

HOME-WORK: what is a cash discount?

TOPIC: PARAGRAPHING
CONTENT: i. Meaning of Paragraphing
ii. Types of Paragraphing

SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING OF PARAGRAPHING
Paragraphing is the breaking of write-ups into passages or sections in order to facilitate reading and understanding. Paragraphs are also used to separate subject matters or sections of a passage or passages.
SUB-TOPIC 2: TYPES OF PARAGRAPHING
These are:
1. Blocked or Flush paragraphing
2. Indented paragraphing or-semi-blocked paragraphing
3. Hanging paragraphing

1. BLOCKED OR FLUSH PARAGRAPHING: this is a type of paragraphing where all typed or typing lines start from the left margin and at the same point.
Example:










2. INDENTED OR SEMI-BLOCKED PARAGRAPHING: in this type of paragraphing, five (5) spaces are usually given from the left margin before the first line starts. The second and subsequent lines start from the margin.
Example:







3.





3.HANGING PARAGRAPHING: This is the type of paragraphing where the first lines starts at the left margin with other subsequent lines typed 2 or 3 spaces away from the margin.
Example:













EVALUATION
1. What is paragraphing?
2. List the three types of Paragraphing



MAIN TOPIC: PARAGRAPHING
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Paragraphing
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al.
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. Explain the meaning of Paragraphing
ii. Mention Types of Paragraphing

CONTENTS:

MEANING OF PARAGRAPHING
Paragraphing is the breaking of write-ups into passages or sections in order to facilitate reading and understanding. Paragraphs are also used to separate subject matters or sections of a passage or passages.

TYPES OF PARAGRAPHING
These are:
1. Blocked or Flush paragraphing
2. Indented paragraphing or-semi-blocked paragraphing
3. Hanging paragraphing

1. BLOCKED OR FLUSH PARAGRAPHING: this is a type of paragraphing where all typed or typing lines start from the left margin and at the same point.
Example:



2. INDENTED OR SEMI-BLOCKED PARAGRAPHING: in this type of paragraphing, five (5) spaces are usually given from the left margin before the first line starts. The second and subsequent lines start from the margin.
Example:

3.HANGING PARAGRAPHING: This is the type of paragraphing where the first lines starts at the left margin with other subsequent lines typed 2 or 3 spaces away from the margin.
Example:

EVALUATION
1. What is paragraphing?
2. List the three types of Paragraphing

further studies
http://v1.jontangerine.com/silo/typography/p/

http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/165262/

http://www.baycongroup.com/word2007/04_word2007.html


practice test
http://www.powertyping.com/typing_test/ ... test.shtml

MAIN TOPIC: TYPEWRITING
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Standard paper and their uses
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS3Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 86-87
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 77-82
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 89-90

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 name the commonly used international paper sizes,
 Mention the sizes of each of the paper.

CONTENTS:
In the office, various sizes and kinds of typing paper are in use.
All international paper sizes are based on a perfect proportional rectangle.
The most widely used is the A-series.
The basic size A0 is approximately one square meter.
A1 is exactly half of A0
A2 is half of A3
A5 is half of A4
The foolscap, quarto and octavo sizes of typing papers are becoming obsolete.



EVALUATION: What is the size of A4 paper?
HOME-WORK: Bring A3 paper to the next class.





LESSON 78
MAIN TOPIC: TYPEWRITING
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Practical
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS3Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 86-87
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 77-82
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 89-90

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 type the alphabetical letter keys as contained in: home row, upper row, bottom row, top row and special characters.
 use the left and right shift keys

CONTENTS: Exercise 8 WABP Business Studies 2. Page 91
EVALUATION: Exercise on page 84-85 WABP Business studies book 1
HOME-WORK: Exercise on page 87-88 WABP Business studies book1



LESSON 79
MAIN TOPIC: TYPEWRITING
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Practical
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS3Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 86-87
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 77-82
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 89-90

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
use the space bar
use speed characters and figures as contained primarily in the top row
Consolidate on all what you have learnt on the keyboard by typing fluently for varying minutes.

CONTENTS: Exercise 1 and 5 WABP Business Studies 2. Page 90-91
EVALUATION: Exercise 7and 9 WABP Business Studies 2. Page 91
HOME-WORK: what do you understand by display?

MAIN TOPIC: CASH BOOK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: More exercises on cash book
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al. Pages 53-56
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 84-88
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L.Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo Pages 71-76

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Do more exercises on three and double column cashbook

CONTENTS:
Exercise 4 WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 88
Exercise 6 Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L.Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo Page76

EVALUATION: Exercise 3 WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 88

HOME-WORK: what is a petty cash book




LESSON 74
MAIN TOPIC: PETTY CASHBOOK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Meaning and format
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al. Pages 48-51
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 73-76
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L.Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo Pages 77-83

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 state the purpose of a petty cash book
 mention the advantages of a petty cash book
 draw the format of a petty cash book

CONTENTS:
A petty cash book is a book used to record minor expenses.
The rationale behind the system is to reduce the numerous cash payments for small expenses such as stationery, postages, cleaning and even small payments to creditors.
The petty cash book is a double entry book and must be included in the trial balance.
The source document for the petty cash book is the petty cash voucher.



ADVANTAGES OF A PETTY CASH BOOK
I. The risk of fraud will be eliminated.
II. The burden of the main cashier will be reduced. This is because it saves him time of having to record individual small payments in either the cashbook or the ledger.

III. The task of maintaining a petty cashbook is given to a junior member of staff and this provide him with valuable training on the job and will also allow the main cashier to concentrate on more important tasks.



EVALUATION:
 What is a petty cashbook?
 Mention four items on a petty cash book
 Mention four advantages of a petty cashbook
HOME-WORK: What is an imp rest system?




LESSON 75
MAIN TOPIC: PETTY CASHBOOK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: The Imp rest system
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al. Pages 48-51
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 73-76
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L.Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo Pages 77-83

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 state the meaning of an imp rest system
 differentiate between the main cash book and the petty cash book

CONTENTS:
THE IMPREST SYSTEM
This is a system where the cashier gives the petty cashier enough cash called {FLOAT} to meet his needs for the following period {it could be weekly, fortnightly, monthly etc}.
At the end of the period the cashier finds out the amount spent by the petty cashier and gives him an amount equal to that spent.
The petty cash in hand should then be equal to the original amount with which the period was started



EVALUATION:
 what do you understand by imprest system
 mention three similarities between main cashbook and petty cash book and one major difference
HOME-WORK: Exercises 4WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 76



LESSON 76
MAIN TOPIC: PETTY CASHBOOK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: More exercises on petty cash book
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al. Pages 48-51
WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 73-76
Spectrum Business Studies by Eno L.Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo Pages 77-83

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Do more exercises on petty column cashbook

CONTENTS:
Exercise 2 and 3WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 76

EVALUATION: Exercise1 WABP JSS Business Studies 1 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Page 76
HOME-WORK: what is a petty cash book?

further studies
http://accountlearning.blogspot.com/201 ... k-its.html

http://www.accounting4management.com/pe ... h_book.htm

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/prepare- ... 59966.html

http://www.brisbanesde.eq.edu.au/second ... son3p1.htm

http://www.accounting-world.com/2012/08 ... -book.html


practice test
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0 ... _quiz.html

http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/larson ... mc_09.html