SCHEME OF WORK
WEEKS TOPICS
1. Revision of JSS 1 Work
2. Reception Office
- Meaning of reception office
- Description of reception office
Receptionist:-
- Meaning
- Importance
- Qualities
3. Duties of Receptionist :-
- How to receive and treat visitors
- How to make and receive phone calls
- Appropriate dress code:
4. Right Attitude to Work
Punctuality and regularity
Meaning
Attribute
- Commitment
- Promptness
- Consistency
Devotion to duty
Meaning
Effects of devotion to duty
5. Documents handled by a receptionist
Meaning
Examples:-
- Visitors' book
- Request form
- Telephone message pad
- Business card etc.
6. 1st unified test (all subjects)
7. Correspondence records
- Meaning
- Uses
- Types
Business letter
Official letter
Memorandum
8. Handling of Mail
Procedure for handling incoming and outgoing mail by post or by
hand keeping correspondence and records.
9. Office Documents
- Meaning
- Uses
- Types:-
Sales document
- Price lists
- Quotation
- Invoice
Delivery note
Purchase document
- Enquiring to suppliers
- Quotation
- Order
10. Trade
- Meaning
- Importance
- Forms of trade
- Home trade
- Foreign trade
11. Revision
NEW
WEEKS TOPICS
1 Revision of JSS One work
2. a. The Reception Office
Meaning and Description of the Reception Office
b. The Receptionist: Meaning, Importance and Qualities of a Receptionist
3. Duties of a Receptionist
1. How to receive and treat visitors
2. Procedure involved in answering a telephone call
3. Appropriate Dress code
4. Documents Handled by a Receptionist
4. Office Correspondence
1. Correspondence Records –types, uses
2. Procedure for handling mails and correspondence
5. Office Documents
1. Meaning, Types of Office Document
2. Preparation and Uses of Sales Document
3. Preparation and Uses of Purchases Document
6. The Right Attitude to Work
a. Punctuality and Regularity: Meaning, Attributes and Reward for Punctuality and Regularity, and Sanction against Irregularity.
b. Devotion to Duty: meaning and effect of devotion on productivity and development
7. Trade
a. Meaning and importance of Trade
b. Forms of Trade: Home Trade, Foreign Trade;
c. Aids to Trade: Banking, Insurance, Advertising, Communication, Transportation, Tourism, etc.
d. Role of Custom and Excise in Foreign Trade
8. Market
a. Meaning and Features of Market
b. Types of Market: Capital Market, Money Market and Commodity Market
c. Institutions and instruments traded in each type of Market
d. Careers in the capital market
e. Buying and selling : meaning, cash or credit
f. Transaction: Costs of Sale, Markup, turnover, profit and loss
9. Distribution
a. Meaning of distribution
b. Channels or Chains of distribution
c. Functions of each of the channels of distribution
10 Revision
1ST TERM
WEEK 1
The Reception Office: Meaning and Description
Preview
a. The Reception Office
Meaning and Description of the Reception Office
b. The Receptionist:
Meaning, Importance and Qualities of a Receptionist
Full Content
The Reception Office
The reception office is a place set up in an organization to receive visitors. It is the first point of call for visitors who visit the organization. It is usually located at the main entrance of the organization. The reception office is well-decorated and attractive in order to give the visitors a good impression about the organization.
The Receptionist: Meaning
The Receptionist is a person employed to receive and formally welcome visitors into an organization. He/she is the first contact person after the gatekeeper.
Importance of a Receptionist
1. A Receptionist gives the first impression to visitors about an organization
2. He/She is a representative of the organization
3. A receptionist can provide the information the visitors need without referring them to other officials.
4. He/she can politely send away unwanted visitors
Essential Qualities of a Receptionist
For a receptionist to perform his duties well and successfully, he/she must have the following qualities:
1. A neat physical appearance
2. Must be fluent in use of English language and be able to communicate well.
3. A pleasant manner while either welcoming visitors or handling telephone calls.
4. A good knowledge and understanding of the people and the work they do in the organization in which he/she works.
5. A good memory for names and faces so as to be able to welcome visitors personally.
6. Patience to be able to bear with highly demanding visitors. A pleasant, smiling facial appearance is crucial here.
7. Tact in handling and dealing with difficult both unwanted and difficult visitors or an unpleasant situations
8. A good human relation i.e. must be able to relate well with people.
Evaluation
1. All the following are true about a receptionist except
a. He/She is the mirror of the organization
b. He/she begs visitors for money
c. He/she welcomes visitors into the organization.
2. Items found in the reception office include …………..
a. Table and chair
b. Nail and hammer
c. Cutlass and hoe
THEORY
A. Mention five qualities of a receptionist.
MAIN TOPIC: THE RECEPTION OFFICE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Qualities of a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 1-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 1-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention qualities of a receptionist
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Students were introduced to the reception office at the last class.
CONTENTS:
A receptionist must be smart in appearance and be neatly dressed
He/she must have a good speaking voice, be polite and courteous to visitors
He/she must have good telephone manner
He/she must always be punctual
He/she must not deliberately give incorrect information to enquiries.
EVALUATION:
Mention five qualities of a receptionist
HOME-WORK: mention two major duties of a receptionist.
LESSON 2
MAIN TOPIC: THE RECEPTION OFFICE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Duties of a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 1-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 1-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Mention the major duties of a receptionist
CONTENTS:
Duties of a receptionist can be broadly divided into two:
Receiving callers
Handling telephone duties
EVALUATION: Mention two major duties of a receptionist
HOME-WORK: Mention six documents handled by a receptionist
Preview
a. The Reception Office
Meaning and Description of the Reception Office
b. The Receptionist:
Meaning, Importance and Qualities of a Receptionist
Full Content
The Reception Office
The reception office is a place set up in an organization to receive visitors. It is the first point of call for visitors who visit the organization. It is usually located at the main entrance of the organization. The reception office is well-decorated and attractive in order to give the visitors a good impression about the organization.
The Receptionist: Meaning
The Receptionist is a person employed to receive and formally welcome visitors into an organization. He/she is the first contact person after the gatekeeper.
Importance of a Receptionist
1. A Receptionist gives the first impression to visitors about an organization
2. He/She is a representative of the organization
3. A receptionist can provide the information the visitors need without referring them to other officials.
4. He/she can politely send away unwanted visitors
Essential Qualities of a Receptionist
For a receptionist to perform his duties well and successfully, he/she must have the following qualities:
1. A neat physical appearance
2. Must be fluent in use of English language and be able to communicate well.
3. A pleasant manner while either welcoming visitors or handling telephone calls.
4. A good knowledge and understanding of the people and the work they do in the organization in which he/she works.
5. A good memory for names and faces so as to be able to welcome visitors personally.
6. Patience to be able to bear with highly demanding visitors. A pleasant, smiling facial appearance is crucial here.
7. Tact in handling and dealing with difficult both unwanted and difficult visitors or an unpleasant situations
8. A good human relation i.e. must be able to relate well with people.
Evaluation
1. All the following are true about a receptionist except
a. He/She is the mirror of the organization
b. He/she begs visitors for money
c. He/she welcomes visitors into the organization.
2. Items found in the reception office include …………..
a. Table and chair
b. Nail and hammer
c. Cutlass and hoe
THEORY
A. Mention five qualities of a receptionist.
MAIN TOPIC: THE RECEPTION OFFICE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Qualities of a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 1-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 1-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention qualities of a receptionist
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: Students were introduced to the reception office at the last class.
CONTENTS:
A receptionist must be smart in appearance and be neatly dressed
He/she must have a good speaking voice, be polite and courteous to visitors
He/she must have good telephone manner
He/she must always be punctual
He/she must not deliberately give incorrect information to enquiries.
EVALUATION:
Mention five qualities of a receptionist
HOME-WORK: mention two major duties of a receptionist.
LESSON 2
MAIN TOPIC: THE RECEPTION OFFICE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Duties of a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 1-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 1-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Mention the major duties of a receptionist
CONTENTS:
Duties of a receptionist can be broadly divided into two:
Receiving callers
Handling telephone duties
EVALUATION: Mention two major duties of a receptionist
HOME-WORK: Mention six documents handled by a receptionist
WEEK 2
MAIN TOPIC: DUTIES OF A RECEPTIONIST
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Documents handled by a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 2-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 2-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention, documents handled by a Receptionist.
identify and design visitors' book, Visitors slip and telephone message pad
DUTIES OF A RECEPTIONIST
PREVIEW
1. Duties of a Receptionist
2. How to receive and treat visitors
3. Procedure involved in answering a telephone call
4. Appropriate Dress code
5. Documents Handled by a Receptionist
Appropriate Dress Code
The type of dress someone wears goes a long way to show the type of person wearing it, what type of work they do and what the public is to expect. Since the receptionist meets visitors and different personalities every day, it is importance that he or she dresses smartly and neatly.
There are three basic dressing styles:
1. Casual Dressing
2. Official or Formal Dressing
3. Occasional or Ceremonial Dressing
pictures of the different style of dressing.
Procedure Involved in Answering Telephone Calls
In answering telephone calls, the watchword is ‘Always Be Courteous’ -ABC of Telephone manners. The receptionist should take note of the following:
1. Answer the phone after the second ring but before the third ring
2. Use your natural voice. A wrong voice tone can send unintended message to your caller
3. Listen attentively. Do not do other things while on the telephone.
4. Always be ready with a pen and a pad to take down messages
5. Avoid shouting, talk softly but firmly
6. Allow the caller to drop the telephone receiver first. Never bang the telephone receiver or cut the call while the caller is still speaking.
Students should demonstrate practically how a receptionist receives calls in an organization.
Documents Handled by a Receptionist
There are a number of documents handled by a receptionist. Some of these are
1. Visitor’s Book
2. Telephone Message Pad
3. Request Form
4. Business Card
5. Telephone Directory
Let’s look closely into each of them
1. The Visitor’s Book
This is used in recording all visitors who come into an organization. Visitors are normally requested to sign this book before and after visiting. This is used to record information about the visitor or caller and what he comes to do in the organisation. Below is an example of a page in the visitor’s book.
A VISITOR’S BOOK - A Visitor's Book contains the following information
Date Name of the Visitor
Visitor’s Address
Purpose of Visit
Time of arrival
Time of Departure
Person to see
Signature
2. Telephone Message Pad
This is a record of the different calls received by the receptionist on a daily basis. This is used to record telephone messages for officers who may not be on their seats or are busy at one time or the other.
Below is an example of a Telephone Message pad:
Telephone Message Pad
Date………………………………… Time……………..…………….
Name of Caller …………………………………………………………………………….
Caller’s Phone No…………………………………………………………………………
For Whom …………………………………………………………………………………….
Message ……………………………………………………………………………………….
Message taken by………………………………………………………………………….
3. Request Form
This is a document which helps the receptionist determine the appropriate person to direct a visitor to. If the staff a visitor intends to see is busy or unavailable, the receptionist can direct the visitor to another officer capable of helping him or her through what is written in the request form. It is also called visitor’s slip. An example of a Request Form is as follows
REQUEST FORM
Name and Address of Visitor___________________________________
Time: ______________________________________________________
Whom to see________________________________________________
Purpose of Visit _____________________________________________
Previous Appointment: Yes/No______________
__________________ ______________________
Date Signature of Visitor
Remarks/Comments __________________________________________
4. Business Card
Sometimes, a visitor gives his business card to the receptionist to introduce himself/herself. A Business card is a small piece of cardboard paper on which is printed the particulars such as name, business address and other information about the owner of a business. The receptionist then keeps this in a file or card index for future use.
An example of Business card is shown below:
5. Telephone Directory
This document contains the names, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of management staff and heads of departments/unit and their secretaries. This enables the receptionist to contact them easily.
EVALUATION
a. A receptionist is employed to do the following except:
A. receive visitors and handle telephone calls
B. make trouble with visitors
C. deliver telephone messages
b. A telephone message pad is used to ________
A. Answer calls
B. Record telephone messages
C. None of the above.
c. Documents handled by a receptionist include all except:
a. Pay roll b. Request Form c. Visitor’s book d. Telephone message pad
d. ______ is not a column in the visitors’ book. A. Time out B. Address C. What to eat
THEORY
1. What are the uses of the following documents in a reception office?
a. Visitor’s Book
b. Request Form
c. Telephone Directory
2. Mention six documents handled by a receptionist
HOME-WORK: write short note on Telephone directory
LESSON 7
MAIN TOPIC: DUTIES OF A RECEPTIONIST
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Documents handled by a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 2-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 2-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
identify and design business card, telephone directory
identify and keep a diary
CONTENTS:
TELEPHONE DIRECTORY: This contains the list of names and addresses of telephone subscribers.
BUSINESS CARD: In some cases, a visitor from another organisation may give a business card to the receptionist in order to:
- Introduce himself,
-Inform the officer he wishes to see that he is around
-Save time for completing a visitor's slip.
EVALUATION: Write short note on the three basic dressing styles that we mentioned in class.
HOME-WORK: Mention three purchasing document
further studies
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index ... 610AAft5lX
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/duties-f ... -1336.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/receptio ... onist.html
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Documents handled by a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 2-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 2-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention, documents handled by a Receptionist.
identify and design visitors' book, Visitors slip and telephone message pad
DUTIES OF A RECEPTIONIST
PREVIEW
1. Duties of a Receptionist
2. How to receive and treat visitors
3. Procedure involved in answering a telephone call
4. Appropriate Dress code
5. Documents Handled by a Receptionist
Appropriate Dress Code
The type of dress someone wears goes a long way to show the type of person wearing it, what type of work they do and what the public is to expect. Since the receptionist meets visitors and different personalities every day, it is importance that he or she dresses smartly and neatly.
There are three basic dressing styles:
1. Casual Dressing
2. Official or Formal Dressing
3. Occasional or Ceremonial Dressing
pictures of the different style of dressing.
Procedure Involved in Answering Telephone Calls
In answering telephone calls, the watchword is ‘Always Be Courteous’ -ABC of Telephone manners. The receptionist should take note of the following:
1. Answer the phone after the second ring but before the third ring
2. Use your natural voice. A wrong voice tone can send unintended message to your caller
3. Listen attentively. Do not do other things while on the telephone.
4. Always be ready with a pen and a pad to take down messages
5. Avoid shouting, talk softly but firmly
6. Allow the caller to drop the telephone receiver first. Never bang the telephone receiver or cut the call while the caller is still speaking.
Students should demonstrate practically how a receptionist receives calls in an organization.
Documents Handled by a Receptionist
There are a number of documents handled by a receptionist. Some of these are
1. Visitor’s Book
2. Telephone Message Pad
3. Request Form
4. Business Card
5. Telephone Directory
Let’s look closely into each of them
1. The Visitor’s Book
This is used in recording all visitors who come into an organization. Visitors are normally requested to sign this book before and after visiting. This is used to record information about the visitor or caller and what he comes to do in the organisation. Below is an example of a page in the visitor’s book.
A VISITOR’S BOOK - A Visitor's Book contains the following information
Date Name of the Visitor
Visitor’s Address
Purpose of Visit
Time of arrival
Time of Departure
Person to see
Signature
2. Telephone Message Pad
This is a record of the different calls received by the receptionist on a daily basis. This is used to record telephone messages for officers who may not be on their seats or are busy at one time or the other.
Below is an example of a Telephone Message pad:
Telephone Message Pad
Date………………………………… Time……………..…………….
Name of Caller …………………………………………………………………………….
Caller’s Phone No…………………………………………………………………………
For Whom …………………………………………………………………………………….
Message ……………………………………………………………………………………….
Message taken by………………………………………………………………………….
3. Request Form
This is a document which helps the receptionist determine the appropriate person to direct a visitor to. If the staff a visitor intends to see is busy or unavailable, the receptionist can direct the visitor to another officer capable of helping him or her through what is written in the request form. It is also called visitor’s slip. An example of a Request Form is as follows
REQUEST FORM
Name and Address of Visitor___________________________________
Time: ______________________________________________________
Whom to see________________________________________________
Purpose of Visit _____________________________________________
Previous Appointment: Yes/No______________
__________________ ______________________
Date Signature of Visitor
Remarks/Comments __________________________________________
4. Business Card
Sometimes, a visitor gives his business card to the receptionist to introduce himself/herself. A Business card is a small piece of cardboard paper on which is printed the particulars such as name, business address and other information about the owner of a business. The receptionist then keeps this in a file or card index for future use.
An example of Business card is shown below:
5. Telephone Directory
This document contains the names, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of management staff and heads of departments/unit and their secretaries. This enables the receptionist to contact them easily.
EVALUATION
a. A receptionist is employed to do the following except:
A. receive visitors and handle telephone calls
B. make trouble with visitors
C. deliver telephone messages
b. A telephone message pad is used to ________
A. Answer calls
B. Record telephone messages
C. None of the above.
c. Documents handled by a receptionist include all except:
a. Pay roll b. Request Form c. Visitor’s book d. Telephone message pad
d. ______ is not a column in the visitors’ book. A. Time out B. Address C. What to eat
THEORY
1. What are the uses of the following documents in a reception office?
a. Visitor’s Book
b. Request Form
c. Telephone Directory
2. Mention six documents handled by a receptionist
HOME-WORK: write short note on Telephone directory
LESSON 7
MAIN TOPIC: DUTIES OF A RECEPTIONIST
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Documents handled by a receptionist
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 2-5
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 2-8
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo. Pages 3-10
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
identify and design business card, telephone directory
identify and keep a diary
CONTENTS:
TELEPHONE DIRECTORY: This contains the list of names and addresses of telephone subscribers.
BUSINESS CARD: In some cases, a visitor from another organisation may give a business card to the receptionist in order to:
- Introduce himself,
-Inform the officer he wishes to see that he is around
-Save time for completing a visitor's slip.
EVALUATION: Write short note on the three basic dressing styles that we mentioned in class.
HOME-WORK: Mention three purchasing document
further studies
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index ... 610AAft5lX
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/duties-f ... -1336.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/receptio ... onist.html
WEEK 3
OFFICE CORRESPONDENCE
PREVIEW
1. Correspondence Records –types and uses
2. Procedure for handling mails and correspondence
Full Content
Almost every business receives and sends out letters. Correspondence Records refer to the various forms by which written communication is carried out in the office.
Types of Correspondence Records
a. Mail Inward Book
b. Mail Outward Book
c. Postage Book
d. Dispatch Book
e. Address list/Directory
Let’s look into each of them in detail.
1. Mail Inward Book
When mails are received into an organization, all the particulars of the mail such as the date received, sender of mail, to whom it is addressed; are all recorded in Mail Inward Book. Therefore, this book is used to record all mails that are received into an organization.
Uses
a. It is used to record all mails that are received in an organization.
b. It enables an organization to trace all mails that are sent into an organization.
2. Mail Outward Register
This book is used to record the particulars of mails sent out from an organization. It shows the name and address of the person to whom it is sent, the name of person sending it, the time the mail was sent out and signature.
Uses
a. It is used to record all the letters that are for postage.
b. It enables an organization to know the time that a mail actually left the organization for its destination.
3. Postage Book
This is book is used to keep record of all posted mails. It contains the value of stamp used, the name of the receiver and the town to which the mail will be posted.
Uses
a. It enables organizations to record the number of stamp used within a specific period of time
b. It helps to keep record of all letters posted.
4. Despatch Book
This is a book where all mails delivered by hands are recorded. When mails are delivered by a dispatch rider or a messenger the receiver signs the dispatch book, to prove that he actually receives the mail.
Uses
a. It acts as a proof of delivery, as the receiver signs it when they receive mails or parcels.
5. Address List/Directory
This is a book that contains an alphabetically arranged list of people’s or organization’s names and addresses.
Uses
a. It enables names and addresses of organizations to be easily gotten
b. Telephone numbers of business organizations can be confirmed from directories.
Procedure for Handling Mail Document
This will be discussed under two sub-divisions
a. Procedure for Handling in-coming mails
i. Collect the mail
ii. Empty mail bags to ensure nothing is left hidden in the mail bag
iii. Enter the particulars of the mail in the Mail Inward Register/Book.
iv. Sort mails into three categories, namely: private, urgent and official. Note that mails marked ‘private’ or ‘confidential’ should be delivered to the addressee without opening them. Also urgent mails should be treated before others.
v. Open the mails. It is advisable to use a letter-opening machine or a knife-like object to open the mails so as to prevent damage to them.
vi. Stamp the mails with the date and time stamping machine to record the date and time of receipt.
vii. Deliver letters to the addressee’s ‘in’ basket
b. Procedure for Handling Outgoing Mails
a. Check to confirm that each mail or parcel is properly sealed and addressed with the name and address of the receiver. Check also that mails are stamped with the correct amount of postage stamp.
b. Sort mails according to how it is going to be distributed: by hand, by postage or courier.
c. Record the particulars of mail in the mail outward register and postage book if it will be delivered by post, or in the dispatch book if it will be delivered by hand.
d. Take mails to the post office or courier office for posting.
EVALUATION
a. A document that flows in and out of an office is called A. Register B. Correspondence C. Procedure
b. A postage book shows all the following except ………………… (a) Calls made B. Stamps used C. Stamps bought
c. Which of these are examples of correspondence records? A. Profit and Loss Book B. Drawing Book and Exercise Book C. Inward and Outward mail register
d. A __________ contains several organisations’ addresses and more information on how to get across to them. A. Directory/Address list B. Complimentary card C. Postage Book
THEORY
A. What is a Postage Book?
B. Explain the use of Dispatch Book
Office Documents
PREVIEW
1. Meaning, Types of Office Document
2. Preparation and Uses of Sales Document
3. Preparation and Uses of Purchases Document
Full Content
OFFICE DOCUMENT
Office documents are documents used in an office to facilitate the work of an organization. These documents enable accurate information to be kept on either goods that have been sold or purchased. In Book Keeping, they are referred to as Source Document.
Types of Office Document
Office document are divided into two major category
a. Sales Documents
b. Purchases documents
Sales Documents: These are documents used to record sales transactions. They include:
i. Invoice
ii. Proforma Invoice
iii. Credit Note
iv. Debit Note
i. Invoice: This is a document sent by the seller to a buyer showing the description, quantity, price of goods bought. An example of Invoice is shown below.
INVOICE Uses of Invoice
a. It is used to show that goods have been dispatched to the buyer.
b. It is used to inform the buyer of his debt to the firm (seller).
ii. Proforma Invoice
The proforma invoice has the word ‘Proforma’ written on top of it, though it looks like usual invoice. It is a document sent by the seller to the buyer for the following reasons:
Uses of Proforma Invoice
a. It used to ensure that the buyer pays for goods bought before they are dispatched to him.
b. It is used when goods are sent for the customer’s inspection, and to equally inform him about the prices of the goods.
c. It is sent as a response to a retailer’s (buyer’s) request for quotation from the wholesaler (seller).
Below is an example of a Proforma Invoice
PROFORMA INVOICE iii. Debit Note
This is like an invoice. It is written out by the seller whenever the buyer has been undercharged. For example: If Danladi Nig. Ltd. undercharged Obinna & Sons Nig Ltd. on his invoice, or if the amount of money indicated on the invoice is less than what is actually due, Danladi Nig. Ltd. will then send a debit note to Obinna & Sons to the tune of the amount owed.
Below is an example of a Debit Note
Debit Note
iv. Credit Note
This is prepared by the seller for goods returned by the buyer. It shows that the seller (supplier) owes a buyer some amount of money in written in the note. It is usually printed in red.
Uses of Credit Note
i. It is used when supplier refunds money for damaged goods or corrects an overcharge
ii. It is used when the supplier is unable to supply goods already paid for.
2. Purchases Document
These are documents used in keeping records of purchases in an organization. They include:
a. Order
b. Receipt
c. Cheque
a. Order
This is a document used for making request to purchase a product from the seller. It is sent by the expected buyer to the expected seller. It contains the description of the goods to be bought, the quantity, delivery date and price of the item, and the address where the goods will be delivered to.
An Example of Order is shown below:
A PURCHASE ORDER
Mr. Emmanuel Agunbiade
18, Arinze Road, Ikeja
To: G. Audu & Co. Ltd 20, September, 2011
26, Mahauta Street,
Kaduna
Please Supply
Qty Description Unit Price Total value
20 dozens Margarine N500 10,000
Deliver before 20, October, 2011
b. Receipt
This is a document issued by a seller to a buyer showing that goods bought have been paid for. It is an evidence that payment for goods has been made.
CASH RECEIPT
Received from _____________________________________
The sum of ________________________________________
__________________________________________________
(Amount in Words)
Being payment for _________________________________
____________________
Signature c. Cheque: this is an order requesting a bank to pay the amount indicated to the bearer by the owner of the cheque.
Three parties are involved in the payment of a cheque :
a. The Drawer: this is the person who draws and signs the cheque, and from whose account the money is removed.
b. The Drawee: this is the bank on whom the cheque has been drawn.
c. The payee: this is the person to whom the amount of money on the cheque is paid.
An Example of a Cheque is shown below:
OTHER OFFICE DOCUMENTS
There are other office documents that are exchanged between the buyer and the seller:
a. Letter of Enquiry
b. Quotation
c. Price List
d. Order
e. Delivery Note
EVALUATION:
1. Which of the following is not a Purchase document?
a. Purchase Order b. Invoice c. Receipt
2. Sales Documents include all except: a. order b. Debit Note c. Proforma invoice
3. Which of the following is an essential information on an Invoice a. Details of goods purchased b. Amount Debited c. Amount credited
4. Which of the following is used in making payment? A. Purchase Order b. Cheque c. Invoice
5. A type of invoice that has the word ‘Proforma’ written on it is known as …………………..
Theory
Write Short Notes on:
a. Credit Note
b. Debit Note
c. Purchase order
PREVIEW
1. Correspondence Records –types and uses
2. Procedure for handling mails and correspondence
Full Content
Almost every business receives and sends out letters. Correspondence Records refer to the various forms by which written communication is carried out in the office.
Types of Correspondence Records
a. Mail Inward Book
b. Mail Outward Book
c. Postage Book
d. Dispatch Book
e. Address list/Directory
Let’s look into each of them in detail.
1. Mail Inward Book
When mails are received into an organization, all the particulars of the mail such as the date received, sender of mail, to whom it is addressed; are all recorded in Mail Inward Book. Therefore, this book is used to record all mails that are received into an organization.
Uses
a. It is used to record all mails that are received in an organization.
b. It enables an organization to trace all mails that are sent into an organization.
2. Mail Outward Register
This book is used to record the particulars of mails sent out from an organization. It shows the name and address of the person to whom it is sent, the name of person sending it, the time the mail was sent out and signature.
Uses
a. It is used to record all the letters that are for postage.
b. It enables an organization to know the time that a mail actually left the organization for its destination.
3. Postage Book
This is book is used to keep record of all posted mails. It contains the value of stamp used, the name of the receiver and the town to which the mail will be posted.
Uses
a. It enables organizations to record the number of stamp used within a specific period of time
b. It helps to keep record of all letters posted.
4. Despatch Book
This is a book where all mails delivered by hands are recorded. When mails are delivered by a dispatch rider or a messenger the receiver signs the dispatch book, to prove that he actually receives the mail.
Uses
a. It acts as a proof of delivery, as the receiver signs it when they receive mails or parcels.
5. Address List/Directory
This is a book that contains an alphabetically arranged list of people’s or organization’s names and addresses.
Uses
a. It enables names and addresses of organizations to be easily gotten
b. Telephone numbers of business organizations can be confirmed from directories.
Procedure for Handling Mail Document
This will be discussed under two sub-divisions
a. Procedure for Handling in-coming mails
i. Collect the mail
ii. Empty mail bags to ensure nothing is left hidden in the mail bag
iii. Enter the particulars of the mail in the Mail Inward Register/Book.
iv. Sort mails into three categories, namely: private, urgent and official. Note that mails marked ‘private’ or ‘confidential’ should be delivered to the addressee without opening them. Also urgent mails should be treated before others.
v. Open the mails. It is advisable to use a letter-opening machine or a knife-like object to open the mails so as to prevent damage to them.
vi. Stamp the mails with the date and time stamping machine to record the date and time of receipt.
vii. Deliver letters to the addressee’s ‘in’ basket
b. Procedure for Handling Outgoing Mails
a. Check to confirm that each mail or parcel is properly sealed and addressed with the name and address of the receiver. Check also that mails are stamped with the correct amount of postage stamp.
b. Sort mails according to how it is going to be distributed: by hand, by postage or courier.
c. Record the particulars of mail in the mail outward register and postage book if it will be delivered by post, or in the dispatch book if it will be delivered by hand.
d. Take mails to the post office or courier office for posting.
EVALUATION
a. A document that flows in and out of an office is called A. Register B. Correspondence C. Procedure
b. A postage book shows all the following except ………………… (a) Calls made B. Stamps used C. Stamps bought
c. Which of these are examples of correspondence records? A. Profit and Loss Book B. Drawing Book and Exercise Book C. Inward and Outward mail register
d. A __________ contains several organisations’ addresses and more information on how to get across to them. A. Directory/Address list B. Complimentary card C. Postage Book
THEORY
A. What is a Postage Book?
B. Explain the use of Dispatch Book
Office Documents
PREVIEW
1. Meaning, Types of Office Document
2. Preparation and Uses of Sales Document
3. Preparation and Uses of Purchases Document
Full Content
OFFICE DOCUMENT
Office documents are documents used in an office to facilitate the work of an organization. These documents enable accurate information to be kept on either goods that have been sold or purchased. In Book Keeping, they are referred to as Source Document.
Types of Office Document
Office document are divided into two major category
a. Sales Documents
b. Purchases documents
Sales Documents: These are documents used to record sales transactions. They include:
i. Invoice
ii. Proforma Invoice
iii. Credit Note
iv. Debit Note
i. Invoice: This is a document sent by the seller to a buyer showing the description, quantity, price of goods bought. An example of Invoice is shown below.
INVOICE Uses of Invoice
a. It is used to show that goods have been dispatched to the buyer.
b. It is used to inform the buyer of his debt to the firm (seller).
ii. Proforma Invoice
The proforma invoice has the word ‘Proforma’ written on top of it, though it looks like usual invoice. It is a document sent by the seller to the buyer for the following reasons:
Uses of Proforma Invoice
a. It used to ensure that the buyer pays for goods bought before they are dispatched to him.
b. It is used when goods are sent for the customer’s inspection, and to equally inform him about the prices of the goods.
c. It is sent as a response to a retailer’s (buyer’s) request for quotation from the wholesaler (seller).
Below is an example of a Proforma Invoice
PROFORMA INVOICE iii. Debit Note
This is like an invoice. It is written out by the seller whenever the buyer has been undercharged. For example: If Danladi Nig. Ltd. undercharged Obinna & Sons Nig Ltd. on his invoice, or if the amount of money indicated on the invoice is less than what is actually due, Danladi Nig. Ltd. will then send a debit note to Obinna & Sons to the tune of the amount owed.
Below is an example of a Debit Note
Debit Note
iv. Credit Note
This is prepared by the seller for goods returned by the buyer. It shows that the seller (supplier) owes a buyer some amount of money in written in the note. It is usually printed in red.
Uses of Credit Note
i. It is used when supplier refunds money for damaged goods or corrects an overcharge
ii. It is used when the supplier is unable to supply goods already paid for.
2. Purchases Document
These are documents used in keeping records of purchases in an organization. They include:
a. Order
b. Receipt
c. Cheque
a. Order
This is a document used for making request to purchase a product from the seller. It is sent by the expected buyer to the expected seller. It contains the description of the goods to be bought, the quantity, delivery date and price of the item, and the address where the goods will be delivered to.
An Example of Order is shown below:
A PURCHASE ORDER
Mr. Emmanuel Agunbiade
18, Arinze Road, Ikeja
To: G. Audu & Co. Ltd 20, September, 2011
26, Mahauta Street,
Kaduna
Please Supply
Qty Description Unit Price Total value
20 dozens Margarine N500 10,000
Deliver before 20, October, 2011
b. Receipt
This is a document issued by a seller to a buyer showing that goods bought have been paid for. It is an evidence that payment for goods has been made.
CASH RECEIPT
Received from _____________________________________
The sum of ________________________________________
__________________________________________________
(Amount in Words)
Being payment for _________________________________
____________________
Signature c. Cheque: this is an order requesting a bank to pay the amount indicated to the bearer by the owner of the cheque.
Three parties are involved in the payment of a cheque :
a. The Drawer: this is the person who draws and signs the cheque, and from whose account the money is removed.
b. The Drawee: this is the bank on whom the cheque has been drawn.
c. The payee: this is the person to whom the amount of money on the cheque is paid.
An Example of a Cheque is shown below:
OTHER OFFICE DOCUMENTS
There are other office documents that are exchanged between the buyer and the seller:
a. Letter of Enquiry
b. Quotation
c. Price List
d. Order
e. Delivery Note
EVALUATION:
1. Which of the following is not a Purchase document?
a. Purchase Order b. Invoice c. Receipt
2. Sales Documents include all except: a. order b. Debit Note c. Proforma invoice
3. Which of the following is an essential information on an Invoice a. Details of goods purchased b. Amount Debited c. Amount credited
4. Which of the following is used in making payment? A. Purchase Order b. Cheque c. Invoice
5. A type of invoice that has the word ‘Proforma’ written on it is known as …………………..
Theory
Write Short Notes on:
a. Credit Note
b. Debit Note
c. Purchase order
WEEK 4
MAIN TOPIC: OFFICE DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Meaning of office document
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the term office document
enumerate types of office document
CONTENTS:
Office documents are documents used in an office to facilitate the work of the organisation.
These documents enable accurate information to be kept on either goods that have been sold or purchased.
In book-keeping they are referred to as source documents.
TYPES OF OFFICE DOCUMENTS
The sales documents
The purchases documents
EVALUATION:
What are office document?
Mention two types of office documents
HOME-WORK: Mention six sales documents
LESSON 9
MAIN TOPIC: OFFICE DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Sales documents
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention documents used for sales
mention the uses of each sales documents.
CONTENTS
SALES DOCUMENTS
This includes:
Price list
Quotation
Invoice
Delivery note
PRICE LIST: This shows a short description and the current prices of goods which the seller offers for sale.
QUOTATION: This is an estimate of the cost of the goods mentioned in the letter of enquiry.
DELIVERY NOTE: This document is used goods sold are to be delivered to the customer at a place different from the point of sale.
EVALUATION: Mention three sales documents and explain one in detail.
HOME-WORK: mention three purchases documents
LESSON 10
MAIN TOPIC: OFFICE DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Sales documents
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention documents used for purchases
mention the use of each purchases document
CONTENTS:
Purchases document include:
Enquiry
Customer's order
Receipt
RECEIPT: This is a legal proof of payment.
CUSTOMER'S ORDER: This is an organizational request for the purchase of goods or services
ENQUIRY: This is just a request for information about the goods a buyer can buy from a seller
EVALUATION: Write short note on two purchases document
HOME-WORK: Mention two right attitude to work
further studies
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-types- ... 22842.html
http://livingsta.hubpages.com/hub/Produ ... nistration
http://www.indiamart.com/jps-krishna-pl ... older.html
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Meaning of office document
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the term office document
enumerate types of office document
CONTENTS:
Office documents are documents used in an office to facilitate the work of the organisation.
These documents enable accurate information to be kept on either goods that have been sold or purchased.
In book-keeping they are referred to as source documents.
TYPES OF OFFICE DOCUMENTS
The sales documents
The purchases documents
EVALUATION:
What are office document?
Mention two types of office documents
HOME-WORK: Mention six sales documents
LESSON 9
MAIN TOPIC: OFFICE DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Sales documents
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention documents used for sales
mention the uses of each sales documents.
CONTENTS
SALES DOCUMENTS
This includes:
Price list
Quotation
Invoice
Delivery note
PRICE LIST: This shows a short description and the current prices of goods which the seller offers for sale.
QUOTATION: This is an estimate of the cost of the goods mentioned in the letter of enquiry.
DELIVERY NOTE: This document is used goods sold are to be delivered to the customer at a place different from the point of sale.
EVALUATION: Mention three sales documents and explain one in detail.
HOME-WORK: mention three purchases documents
LESSON 10
MAIN TOPIC: OFFICE DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Sales documents
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 11-13
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 16-19
Spectrum Business Study for JSS2 by Eno L. Inanga and Ebun C.Ojo.Pages24-26
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention documents used for purchases
mention the use of each purchases document
CONTENTS:
Purchases document include:
Enquiry
Customer's order
Receipt
RECEIPT: This is a legal proof of payment.
CUSTOMER'S ORDER: This is an organizational request for the purchase of goods or services
ENQUIRY: This is just a request for information about the goods a buyer can buy from a seller
EVALUATION: Write short note on two purchases document
HOME-WORK: Mention two right attitude to work
further studies
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-types- ... 22842.html
http://livingsta.hubpages.com/hub/Produ ... nistration
http://www.indiamart.com/jps-krishna-pl ... older.html
WEEK 5
MAIN TOPIC: RIGHT ATITUDE TO WORK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Film show (Facing the giants)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the concept of work
explain the term "Right Attitude to work"
mention lessons learnt from the film
Right Attitude to Work
Preview
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2rbBt-TJjA[/youtube]
a. The Concept of Work and Attitude
b. Punctuality and Regularity: Meaning, Attributes and Reward for Punctuality and Regularity, and Sanction against Irregularity.
c. Devotion to Duty: meaning and effect of devotion on productivity and development
Full Content
a. The concept of Work
Work can be defined as any activity that a person is engaged in, in order to earn a living. Having the right attitude to work means that you have chosen to have a positive state of mind at your place of work.
b. The Meaning of Attitude
Attitude is the way one thinks about or behaves towards things, persons or situations. Attitude can either be right or wrong, positive or negative, good or bad.
c. Having Right Attitude to Work
This means consciously choosing to have a positive state of mind towards what you do. You as an individual determine your attitude.
d. Attributes of a Right Attitude to Work
There are some attributes that show that one has a right attitude to work. These are:
a. Punctuality
b. Regularity at work
c. Interest in your work
d. Being Hardworking
e. Commitment
f. Promptness
g. Being reliable
h. Honesty etc.
The Concepts of Punctuality and Regularity at Work
Punctuality means getting to work on time while Regularity means going to work all the time and not absenting yourself.
a. Reward of a Positive Work Attitude or Reward for Punctuality and Regularity
Being punctual and regular at work as a result of a positive attitude towards one’s work will give the worker the following rewards:
a. Improved employee satisfaction
b. Increased performance: having a right attitude to one’s job makes one perform better.
c. Increased productivity
d. It can lead to one’s Promotion. For example, a punctual and regular worker can enjoy the benefit of being promoted in an office
b. Sanctions against Irregularity
Sanction can be defined as penalties or punishment imposed by an employer on an employee to compel him to amend his behavior.
c. Types of Sanctions
This could be
a. Verbal Query/Warning
b. Written Query/warning
c. Suspension from work for sometime
d. Pay-cut
e. Dismissal
d. Reasons for Sanctioning a worker
a. Regular lateness to work
b. Consistent absenteeism
c. Cheating/ Stealing
d. Any other misconduct
Devotion to Duty
This means having deep love and commitment for one’s job. It also means great dedication, loyalty, strong enthusiasm and admiration for one’s job.
Effects of Devotion to Duty on Productivity and Development
When workers are devoted to their duties, the following effects take place:
a. Employees perform better
b. Increased productivity
c. The organization makes more profit
d. Customers are happy, and patronage is increased
e. The organization keeps growing and there is expansion
EVALUATION
a. Right attitude to work is seen when a worker __________
a. Responds correctly to work
b. Absents him/herself from work
c. Gossips about the organization
b. Rewards of punctuality and regularity include the following except:
a. Result in high performance
b. Sanction
c. Promotion
THEORY
a. Explain the term ‘work’
b. Mention four attributes of a person who has the right attitude to work
c. Explain the term ‘devotion to duty’.
d. What are the lessons you learnt from the film?
LESSON 12
MAIN TOPIC: RIGHT ATITUDE TO WORK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Attributes of right attitude to work
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention attributes of right attitude to work
CONTENTS: ATTRIBUTES OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Punctuality
Regularity
Performing to the best of your ability
Working in conformity with the rules and regulations of the organisation
Devotion to duty
PUNCTUALITY: This is the quality of being prompt, precise or exact.
It is getting to work or a place of appointment on or before the stipulated time.
It is the opposite of lateness or tardiness.
REGULARITY: This simply means that an employee makes it a point of duty to always be at work every working day except when on leave or very ill.
It is the opposite of truancy.
DEVOTION TO DUTY: This is the extent of commitment a person put into his/her work or duty in an organisation.
EVALUATION: Mention three attributes of a person with right attitude to work.
HOME-WORK: What is punctuality?
further studies
http://voices.yahoo.com/the-top-ten-att ... html?cat=3
http://www.caclubindia.com/forum/right- ... ooATsSkoTQ
LESSON 13
MAIN TOPIC: RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Rewards and consequences of having right attitude to work
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
state the meaning of punctuality
mention the meaning of regularity
mention the meaning of devotion to duty
CONTENTS:
REWARDS OF HAVING RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Promotion
Improved relationship with colleagues
Happiness
High performance
You are respected by all your colleagues
CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Stress
Suspension
Depression
Anxiety
Dismissal
EVALUATION: Write short note on two purchases document
HOME-WORK: Define market
further studies
http://www.thesimpledollar.com/the-bene ... -doing-it/
http://pattyinglishms.hubpages.com/hub/ ... cteristics
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Film show (Facing the giants)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the concept of work
explain the term "Right Attitude to work"
mention lessons learnt from the film
Right Attitude to Work
Preview
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2rbBt-TJjA[/youtube]
a. The Concept of Work and Attitude
b. Punctuality and Regularity: Meaning, Attributes and Reward for Punctuality and Regularity, and Sanction against Irregularity.
c. Devotion to Duty: meaning and effect of devotion on productivity and development
Full Content
a. The concept of Work
Work can be defined as any activity that a person is engaged in, in order to earn a living. Having the right attitude to work means that you have chosen to have a positive state of mind at your place of work.
b. The Meaning of Attitude
Attitude is the way one thinks about or behaves towards things, persons or situations. Attitude can either be right or wrong, positive or negative, good or bad.
c. Having Right Attitude to Work
This means consciously choosing to have a positive state of mind towards what you do. You as an individual determine your attitude.
d. Attributes of a Right Attitude to Work
There are some attributes that show that one has a right attitude to work. These are:
a. Punctuality
b. Regularity at work
c. Interest in your work
d. Being Hardworking
e. Commitment
f. Promptness
g. Being reliable
h. Honesty etc.
The Concepts of Punctuality and Regularity at Work
Punctuality means getting to work on time while Regularity means going to work all the time and not absenting yourself.
a. Reward of a Positive Work Attitude or Reward for Punctuality and Regularity
Being punctual and regular at work as a result of a positive attitude towards one’s work will give the worker the following rewards:
a. Improved employee satisfaction
b. Increased performance: having a right attitude to one’s job makes one perform better.
c. Increased productivity
d. It can lead to one’s Promotion. For example, a punctual and regular worker can enjoy the benefit of being promoted in an office
b. Sanctions against Irregularity
Sanction can be defined as penalties or punishment imposed by an employer on an employee to compel him to amend his behavior.
c. Types of Sanctions
This could be
a. Verbal Query/Warning
b. Written Query/warning
c. Suspension from work for sometime
d. Pay-cut
e. Dismissal
d. Reasons for Sanctioning a worker
a. Regular lateness to work
b. Consistent absenteeism
c. Cheating/ Stealing
d. Any other misconduct
Devotion to Duty
This means having deep love and commitment for one’s job. It also means great dedication, loyalty, strong enthusiasm and admiration for one’s job.
Effects of Devotion to Duty on Productivity and Development
When workers are devoted to their duties, the following effects take place:
a. Employees perform better
b. Increased productivity
c. The organization makes more profit
d. Customers are happy, and patronage is increased
e. The organization keeps growing and there is expansion
EVALUATION
a. Right attitude to work is seen when a worker __________
a. Responds correctly to work
b. Absents him/herself from work
c. Gossips about the organization
b. Rewards of punctuality and regularity include the following except:
a. Result in high performance
b. Sanction
c. Promotion
THEORY
a. Explain the term ‘work’
b. Mention four attributes of a person who has the right attitude to work
c. Explain the term ‘devotion to duty’.
d. What are the lessons you learnt from the film?
LESSON 12
MAIN TOPIC: RIGHT ATITUDE TO WORK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Attributes of right attitude to work
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention attributes of right attitude to work
CONTENTS: ATTRIBUTES OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Punctuality
Regularity
Performing to the best of your ability
Working in conformity with the rules and regulations of the organisation
Devotion to duty
PUNCTUALITY: This is the quality of being prompt, precise or exact.
It is getting to work or a place of appointment on or before the stipulated time.
It is the opposite of lateness or tardiness.
REGULARITY: This simply means that an employee makes it a point of duty to always be at work every working day except when on leave or very ill.
It is the opposite of truancy.
DEVOTION TO DUTY: This is the extent of commitment a person put into his/her work or duty in an organisation.
EVALUATION: Mention three attributes of a person with right attitude to work.
HOME-WORK: What is punctuality?
further studies
http://voices.yahoo.com/the-top-ten-att ... html?cat=3
http://www.caclubindia.com/forum/right- ... ooATsSkoTQ
LESSON 13
MAIN TOPIC: RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Rewards and consequences of having right attitude to work
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 14-15
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 20-24
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
state the meaning of punctuality
mention the meaning of regularity
mention the meaning of devotion to duty
CONTENTS:
REWARDS OF HAVING RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Promotion
Improved relationship with colleagues
Happiness
High performance
You are respected by all your colleagues
CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Stress
Suspension
Depression
Anxiety
Dismissal
EVALUATION: Write short note on two purchases document
HOME-WORK: Define market
further studies
http://www.thesimpledollar.com/the-bene ... -doing-it/
http://pattyinglishms.hubpages.com/hub/ ... cteristics
WEEK 6
MAIN TOPIC: TRADE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Meaning and Importance of Trade
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 26-31
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the meaning of trade
mention forms and importance of trade
Trade
Preview
a. Meaning and importance of Trade
b. Forms of Trade: Home Trade, Foreign Trade;
c. Aids to Trade: Banking, Insurance, Advertising, Communication, Transportation, Tourism, etc.
d. Role of Custom and Excise in Foreign Trade
Full Content
a. Meaning of Trade
Trade can be defined as the process of buying and selling of goods and services. When one thing is exchanged for another, trade can be said to have taken place.
b. Importance of Trade
a. Trade helps the producer to sell his/her goods to the consumer.
b. Trade allows the consumer to have a variety of goods to choose from.
c. It makes it possible for consumers to enjoy goods and services from other countries.
d. It can lead to improvement in the standard of living of people.
e. Good provided in surplus in one area are able to get to where it is not available.
c. Forms of Trade
There are two forms/kinds of Trade namely:
a. Home Trade or Domestic Trade
Wholesaler
Retailer
b. Foreign Trade or External Trade
Import
Export
Entrepot
a. Home Trade or Domestic Trade
This is a form of trade that exists within the boundaries of a particular of a country. It is also called internal Trade. For example, a trade between Lagos State and Anambra State is referred to as Home Trade
Home trade is further divided into Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade
i. Wholesale Trade: This is concerned with the buying of goods in large quantities or in bulk from the producer and selling in small quantities to the retailer. The person who engages in wholesale trade is referred to as the Wholesaler.
ii. Retail Trade: this is concerned with the buying of goods in small quantities from the wholesaler and selling in smaller units directly to the final consumer. The person who engages in retail trade is referred to as the Retailer.
b. Foreign Trade or External Trade
This is the exchange of goods between countries. It is also called International Trade. For example, if trade occurs between Nigeria and Sierra Leone, it is referred to as Foreign Trade
Foreign Trade is further divided into: Import Trade, Export Trade and Entrepot. Let’s look into each of them in details:
a. Import Trade: This is the buying of goods from another country into a particular country. For example, the importation of Cars from Japan is referred to as Import Trade
b. Export Trade: this is the selling of goods from a country into other countries. For example, Nigeria engages in export trade when she sells her crude oil to USA or cocoa to Germany.
c. Entrepot: this is the re-exporting of goods already brought into a country from another country without further processing or transformation.
c. Classification of Trade d. AIDS TO TRADE
These are services which facilitate or make trade easy. Without them trade cannot be completed. They include the following:
i. Transportation
ii. Warehousing
iii. Communication
iv. Banking
v. Insurance
vi. Advertising
vii. E-commerce
viii. Tourism i. Transportation: This is the movement of people, goods and services to where they are needed.
ii. Warehousing: This provides storage facilities for raw materials and finished goods until they are needed or to be distributed.
iii. Communication: This provides a fast means of interaction between buyers and sellers. Examples of means of communication are telephone, e-mails, radio, etc.
iv. Banking: This facilitates trade by providing business with loans, safe-keeping of money and valuables, helping businesses to transfer money, etc.
v. Insurance: this helps to insure businesses against unforeseen events like fire hazards, theft of goods etc by compensating them when such incidences occur.
vi. Advertising: this refers to media through which awareness about products or services offered by a company is created to the public.
vii. E-Commerce: This means electronic commerce. It involves the carrying out of trade through the use of internet
viii. Tourism: This makes it possible for people to visit places of interest for fun, or educative purposes. Such visits usually boost trading activities.
e. Role of Custom and Excise in Foreign Trade
In every country, there is usually an agency charged with the responsibility for Customs and Excise. In the Nigeria, the agency responsible for this is The Nigerian Customs Service. The roles of Custom and Excise Authority include the following:
a. They collect tariffs and custom duties.
b. They regulate import and export so as to ensure that goods imported or exported are of high quality and of required quantity.
c. They prevent importation of banned goods.
d. They prevent smuggled goods from getting into the market and also arrest defaulters.
EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES
a. When trade exists within the boundaries of a country, it is called a. export trade b. home trade c. foreign trade
b. The person that breaks the bulk of the manufacturer is called a. producer b. wholesaler c. Retailer
c. A ______ sells goods in small bits. A. Wholesaler b. Consumer c. Retailer
d. _________ is an aid to trade that helps to make goods known to the general public. A. Tourism b. Advertising c. Banking
THEORY
a. Explain the difference between Home Trade and Foreign Trade.
b. Explain the importance of the following Aids to Trade :
a. Transportation
b. Communication
c. Banking
d. Insurance
c. List three examples of goods that can be exported from Nigeria to other countries
further studies
http://www.economywatch.com/world_econo ... mport.html
LESSON 15
MAIN TOPIC: TRADE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Roles of custom and excise in foreign trade
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 26-31
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention the role of custom and excise in foreign trade
CONTENTS:
The roles of custom and excise in foreign trade include:
a. Collection of various dues like import duties and excise duties
b. Control of the flow of goods in and out of the country.
c. Collection of information and facts about trade to help planning by the government
d. Supervision of bonded warehouses.
EVALUATION: Discuss the role of custom and excise in foreign trade
HOME-WORK: What is distribution/
further studies
https://www.customs.gov.ng/About/missio ... nt_new.php
https://www.customs.gov.ng/About/function.php
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Meaning and Importance of Trade
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 26-31
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
explain the meaning of trade
mention forms and importance of trade
Trade
Preview
a. Meaning and importance of Trade
b. Forms of Trade: Home Trade, Foreign Trade;
c. Aids to Trade: Banking, Insurance, Advertising, Communication, Transportation, Tourism, etc.
d. Role of Custom and Excise in Foreign Trade
Full Content
a. Meaning of Trade
Trade can be defined as the process of buying and selling of goods and services. When one thing is exchanged for another, trade can be said to have taken place.
b. Importance of Trade
a. Trade helps the producer to sell his/her goods to the consumer.
b. Trade allows the consumer to have a variety of goods to choose from.
c. It makes it possible for consumers to enjoy goods and services from other countries.
d. It can lead to improvement in the standard of living of people.
e. Good provided in surplus in one area are able to get to where it is not available.
c. Forms of Trade
There are two forms/kinds of Trade namely:
a. Home Trade or Domestic Trade
Wholesaler
Retailer
b. Foreign Trade or External Trade
Import
Export
Entrepot
a. Home Trade or Domestic Trade
This is a form of trade that exists within the boundaries of a particular of a country. It is also called internal Trade. For example, a trade between Lagos State and Anambra State is referred to as Home Trade
Home trade is further divided into Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade
i. Wholesale Trade: This is concerned with the buying of goods in large quantities or in bulk from the producer and selling in small quantities to the retailer. The person who engages in wholesale trade is referred to as the Wholesaler.
ii. Retail Trade: this is concerned with the buying of goods in small quantities from the wholesaler and selling in smaller units directly to the final consumer. The person who engages in retail trade is referred to as the Retailer.
b. Foreign Trade or External Trade
This is the exchange of goods between countries. It is also called International Trade. For example, if trade occurs between Nigeria and Sierra Leone, it is referred to as Foreign Trade
Foreign Trade is further divided into: Import Trade, Export Trade and Entrepot. Let’s look into each of them in details:
a. Import Trade: This is the buying of goods from another country into a particular country. For example, the importation of Cars from Japan is referred to as Import Trade
b. Export Trade: this is the selling of goods from a country into other countries. For example, Nigeria engages in export trade when she sells her crude oil to USA or cocoa to Germany.
c. Entrepot: this is the re-exporting of goods already brought into a country from another country without further processing or transformation.
c. Classification of Trade d. AIDS TO TRADE
These are services which facilitate or make trade easy. Without them trade cannot be completed. They include the following:
i. Transportation
ii. Warehousing
iii. Communication
iv. Banking
v. Insurance
vi. Advertising
vii. E-commerce
viii. Tourism i. Transportation: This is the movement of people, goods and services to where they are needed.
ii. Warehousing: This provides storage facilities for raw materials and finished goods until they are needed or to be distributed.
iii. Communication: This provides a fast means of interaction between buyers and sellers. Examples of means of communication are telephone, e-mails, radio, etc.
iv. Banking: This facilitates trade by providing business with loans, safe-keeping of money and valuables, helping businesses to transfer money, etc.
v. Insurance: this helps to insure businesses against unforeseen events like fire hazards, theft of goods etc by compensating them when such incidences occur.
vi. Advertising: this refers to media through which awareness about products or services offered by a company is created to the public.
vii. E-Commerce: This means electronic commerce. It involves the carrying out of trade through the use of internet
viii. Tourism: This makes it possible for people to visit places of interest for fun, or educative purposes. Such visits usually boost trading activities.
e. Role of Custom and Excise in Foreign Trade
In every country, there is usually an agency charged with the responsibility for Customs and Excise. In the Nigeria, the agency responsible for this is The Nigerian Customs Service. The roles of Custom and Excise Authority include the following:
a. They collect tariffs and custom duties.
b. They regulate import and export so as to ensure that goods imported or exported are of high quality and of required quantity.
c. They prevent importation of banned goods.
d. They prevent smuggled goods from getting into the market and also arrest defaulters.
EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES
a. When trade exists within the boundaries of a country, it is called a. export trade b. home trade c. foreign trade
b. The person that breaks the bulk of the manufacturer is called a. producer b. wholesaler c. Retailer
c. A ______ sells goods in small bits. A. Wholesaler b. Consumer c. Retailer
d. _________ is an aid to trade that helps to make goods known to the general public. A. Tourism b. Advertising c. Banking
THEORY
a. Explain the difference between Home Trade and Foreign Trade.
b. Explain the importance of the following Aids to Trade :
a. Transportation
b. Communication
c. Banking
d. Insurance
c. List three examples of goods that can be exported from Nigeria to other countries
further studies
http://www.economywatch.com/world_econo ... mport.html
LESSON 15
MAIN TOPIC: TRADE
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Roles of custom and excise in foreign trade
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 26-31
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention the role of custom and excise in foreign trade
CONTENTS:
The roles of custom and excise in foreign trade include:
a. Collection of various dues like import duties and excise duties
b. Control of the flow of goods in and out of the country.
c. Collection of information and facts about trade to help planning by the government
d. Supervision of bonded warehouses.
EVALUATION: Discuss the role of custom and excise in foreign trade
HOME-WORK: What is distribution/
further studies
https://www.customs.gov.ng/About/missio ... nt_new.php
https://www.customs.gov.ng/About/function.php
WEEK 7
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
define the term market
list the essential features of a market
mention types of market
CONTENTS:
Market is a place where buyers and sellers are in contact with on e another to buy and sell goods and services.
It is a place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services.
MARKET
Preview
a. Meaning and Features of Market
b. Types of Market: Capital Market, Money Market and Commodity Market
c. Institutions and instruments traded in each type of Market
d. Careers in the capital market
e. Buying and selling : meaning, cash or credit
f. Transaction: Costs of Sale, Markup, turnover, profit and loss
Full Content
1. Meaning of Market
A market refers to a place where goods and services are bought and sold. It is a place where buyers and sellers come together to trade. Examples of Market are Dugbe Market in Ibadan, Kaduna Central Market, Balogun Market in Lagos, Onitsha Market.
2. FEATURES OF A MARKET
There must be good or services
There must be a buyer or buyers
There must be a seller or sellers
There must be a medium of exchange(money)
3. Types of Market
There are basically three types of Market, namely: Commodity Market, Money Market and Capital Market. i. Commodity Market
This is the market for buying and selling of raw materials, semi-finished and finished good. A good example of commodity market is a market for Foodstuff, provisions, gift items, clothes, household equipment, etc.
Types of Commodity markets include Open Air Market, Shops, and Stalls
a. Institutions that operate in commodity market are:
a. Commercial banks
b. Cooperative Societies
c. State Agricultural Development Agencies
b. Instruments used in commodity market include agricultural and consumer products.
ii. Money market
This is a type of market where money is borrowed for a short term period. Money market is not meant for everybody that wants to borrow. It is only the central bank and commercial banks that can go into negotiation and agreement to borrow in money market.
a. Institutions that operate in Money Market include:
i. Commercial Banks
ii. Central Banks
iii. Discount Houses
iv. Bill Brokers
v. Acceptance houses
b. Instruments used in Money Market are
a. Treasury bills
b. Short-Term loans
c. Overdrafts
d. Bank drafts
e. Telegraphic funds transfer
iii. Capital Market
The Capital Market is the market for medium or long-term loan. The capital market is not like the commodity market because there only stocks and shares instead of goods are sold.
a. Institutions that operate in the Capital Market are:
a. Issuing houses
b. Stock Exchange
c. Banks
d. Pension funds
e. Insurance companies
b. The Instruments used in capital markets include:
a. Shares
b. Debentures
c. Stocks
4. Careers in the Capital Market
Careers are available in the capital market for those who study Accountancy, Economics, Finance and Business administration. Such people can work in:
a. Stock broking firms
b. Pensions funds administration
c. Stock Exchange
d. Issuing House
e. Insurance Companies, etc.
5. Buying and Selling
Buying is the ability to obtain or purchase goods and services by paying cash or on credit. Selling is the offering of goods and services for sale in exchange for cash or credit.
Buying and selling can be done through various methods which are:
Methods of Buying and Selling
a. By Sampling: in this case, the buyer is shown a part or an exact copy of the goods he wishes to buy. The buyer sees and feels the quality of the good before making any purchase
b. By Inspection: here, the buyer sees the actual goods he wishes to buy and may even test it. The buyer’s impression about the tested goods determines if he will buy the good or not.
c. By Description or Grade: Here also, the buyer relies on the description of the goods made by seller. He may choose to buy if he agrees with the stipulated made by the seller on the goods. For example: eggs are classified and sold based on their sizes.
d. By Auction: Auctions are public sales in which goods are sold to the buyer who offers the highest price (highest bidder).
6. CASH AND CREDIT SALES
A cash sales is one in which the buyers pay for the goods in cash. It occurs when goods are paid for on the spot. While Credit sales occur when payment is to be made for sales later than the time the good was bought.
7. Cost of Sales
The cost of goods sold includes the original purchases prices of the goods and all other expenses incurred in order to put the goods in a saleable form. Such other expenses could be transportation cost, packaging cost, etc.
8. Mark-Up, Turnover, Profit and Loss
Turnover is total sales less discount which is known as net sales. Mark-Up is the addition to cost price to get the selling price while cost is the price at which a product is bought. This will be demonstrated with an illustration. Supposed a retailer buys ten dozens of milk at N720 per dozen
Cost price unit of crate = N720 = N60
N12
If the retailer decides to mark up its price by 50%
Then Mark Up = 50 x 60 = N30
100
This means that the retailer wants to fix his selling price as N60 + N30 = N90
Now, suppose the retailer gives discount of 10% to his customer.
His net selling price = N90 - (10% of 90)
= N90 - (10/100 x 90)
= N81
If he sells two dozens of milk,
His turnover, which is total sales minus discount, will be
2 x 12 x 81 = N1944
Therefore, turnover be
Profit (and Loss) is total Selling Price – total Cost Price
To calculate the Profit, other expenses like transportation cost, and other running cost will be deducted from the total sales. These expenses are known as Overhead Cost. Then the total Cost Price will be deducted.
For Example: Assuming the Overhead cost N300, net Profit is shown as follows:
Turnover (Total Sales) = N1944
Cost of Products (Cost Price) = 60 x 2 x 12 = N1440
Gross Profit = N504
Net Profit = Gross Profit – Overhead Cost
= N504 - N300
= N204
EVALUATION
Objectives
a. A ___________ is a place for selling raw materials and finished goods (a) Market square (b) Free Market (c) Commodity market
b. A market where shares and stocks are traded is called a. Small market b. Debt market d. capital market
c. A method of buying in which goods are sold to the buyer who offers the highest price (highest bidder) is called (a) Sampling b. Description c. Auction
d. ___________ is not an instrument traded in the Money Market (a) Food Stuff (b) Treasury bills (c) Overdrafts
e. _________ is the market for long term loans. (a) Capital market (b) Oshodi Market (c) Kaduna Central Market
THEORY
a. Explain the following concepts
i. Cost of Sales
ii. Mark up
iii. Turnover
iv. Profit
v. Cash Transaction
vi. Credit Transaction
b. List Three items traded in the Capital Market
c. Mention 10 products in which buying by description is common
d. Retailer B bought the following items for sale:
200 bags of rice at N6000 each
250 tins of cooking oil at N2500 each
10 gas cooker at N60,000 each with 60% discount allowed by the seller
Determine the amount to be paid by the Retailer
e. Mention the essential features of a market
f. Mention types of market
HOME-WORK: Describe a money market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
define the term market
list the essential features of a market
mention types of market
CONTENTS:
Market is a place where buyers and sellers are in contact with on e another to buy and sell goods and services.
It is a place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services.
MARKET
Preview
a. Meaning and Features of Market
b. Types of Market: Capital Market, Money Market and Commodity Market
c. Institutions and instruments traded in each type of Market
d. Careers in the capital market
e. Buying and selling : meaning, cash or credit
f. Transaction: Costs of Sale, Markup, turnover, profit and loss
Full Content
1. Meaning of Market
A market refers to a place where goods and services are bought and sold. It is a place where buyers and sellers come together to trade. Examples of Market are Dugbe Market in Ibadan, Kaduna Central Market, Balogun Market in Lagos, Onitsha Market.
2. FEATURES OF A MARKET
There must be good or services
There must be a buyer or buyers
There must be a seller or sellers
There must be a medium of exchange(money)
3. Types of Market
There are basically three types of Market, namely: Commodity Market, Money Market and Capital Market. i. Commodity Market
This is the market for buying and selling of raw materials, semi-finished and finished good. A good example of commodity market is a market for Foodstuff, provisions, gift items, clothes, household equipment, etc.
Types of Commodity markets include Open Air Market, Shops, and Stalls
a. Institutions that operate in commodity market are:
a. Commercial banks
b. Cooperative Societies
c. State Agricultural Development Agencies
b. Instruments used in commodity market include agricultural and consumer products.
ii. Money market
This is a type of market where money is borrowed for a short term period. Money market is not meant for everybody that wants to borrow. It is only the central bank and commercial banks that can go into negotiation and agreement to borrow in money market.
a. Institutions that operate in Money Market include:
i. Commercial Banks
ii. Central Banks
iii. Discount Houses
iv. Bill Brokers
v. Acceptance houses
b. Instruments used in Money Market are
a. Treasury bills
b. Short-Term loans
c. Overdrafts
d. Bank drafts
e. Telegraphic funds transfer
iii. Capital Market
The Capital Market is the market for medium or long-term loan. The capital market is not like the commodity market because there only stocks and shares instead of goods are sold.
a. Institutions that operate in the Capital Market are:
a. Issuing houses
b. Stock Exchange
c. Banks
d. Pension funds
e. Insurance companies
b. The Instruments used in capital markets include:
a. Shares
b. Debentures
c. Stocks
4. Careers in the Capital Market
Careers are available in the capital market for those who study Accountancy, Economics, Finance and Business administration. Such people can work in:
a. Stock broking firms
b. Pensions funds administration
c. Stock Exchange
d. Issuing House
e. Insurance Companies, etc.
5. Buying and Selling
Buying is the ability to obtain or purchase goods and services by paying cash or on credit. Selling is the offering of goods and services for sale in exchange for cash or credit.
Buying and selling can be done through various methods which are:
Methods of Buying and Selling
a. By Sampling: in this case, the buyer is shown a part or an exact copy of the goods he wishes to buy. The buyer sees and feels the quality of the good before making any purchase
b. By Inspection: here, the buyer sees the actual goods he wishes to buy and may even test it. The buyer’s impression about the tested goods determines if he will buy the good or not.
c. By Description or Grade: Here also, the buyer relies on the description of the goods made by seller. He may choose to buy if he agrees with the stipulated made by the seller on the goods. For example: eggs are classified and sold based on their sizes.
d. By Auction: Auctions are public sales in which goods are sold to the buyer who offers the highest price (highest bidder).
6. CASH AND CREDIT SALES
A cash sales is one in which the buyers pay for the goods in cash. It occurs when goods are paid for on the spot. While Credit sales occur when payment is to be made for sales later than the time the good was bought.
7. Cost of Sales
The cost of goods sold includes the original purchases prices of the goods and all other expenses incurred in order to put the goods in a saleable form. Such other expenses could be transportation cost, packaging cost, etc.
8. Mark-Up, Turnover, Profit and Loss
Turnover is total sales less discount which is known as net sales. Mark-Up is the addition to cost price to get the selling price while cost is the price at which a product is bought. This will be demonstrated with an illustration. Supposed a retailer buys ten dozens of milk at N720 per dozen
Cost price unit of crate = N720 = N60
N12
If the retailer decides to mark up its price by 50%
Then Mark Up = 50 x 60 = N30
100
This means that the retailer wants to fix his selling price as N60 + N30 = N90
Now, suppose the retailer gives discount of 10% to his customer.
His net selling price = N90 - (10% of 90)
= N90 - (10/100 x 90)
= N81
If he sells two dozens of milk,
His turnover, which is total sales minus discount, will be
2 x 12 x 81 = N1944
Therefore, turnover be
Profit (and Loss) is total Selling Price – total Cost Price
To calculate the Profit, other expenses like transportation cost, and other running cost will be deducted from the total sales. These expenses are known as Overhead Cost. Then the total Cost Price will be deducted.
For Example: Assuming the Overhead cost N300, net Profit is shown as follows:
Turnover (Total Sales) = N1944
Cost of Products (Cost Price) = 60 x 2 x 12 = N1440
Gross Profit = N504
Net Profit = Gross Profit – Overhead Cost
= N504 - N300
= N204
EVALUATION
Objectives
a. A ___________ is a place for selling raw materials and finished goods (a) Market square (b) Free Market (c) Commodity market
b. A market where shares and stocks are traded is called a. Small market b. Debt market d. capital market
c. A method of buying in which goods are sold to the buyer who offers the highest price (highest bidder) is called (a) Sampling b. Description c. Auction
d. ___________ is not an instrument traded in the Money Market (a) Food Stuff (b) Treasury bills (c) Overdrafts
e. _________ is the market for long term loans. (a) Capital market (b) Oshodi Market (c) Kaduna Central Market
THEORY
a. Explain the following concepts
i. Cost of Sales
ii. Mark up
iii. Turnover
iv. Profit
v. Cash Transaction
vi. Credit Transaction
b. List Three items traded in the Capital Market
c. Mention 10 products in which buying by description is common
d. Retailer B bought the following items for sale:
200 bags of rice at N6000 each
250 tins of cooking oil at N2500 each
10 gas cooker at N60,000 each with 60% discount allowed by the seller
Determine the amount to be paid by the Retailer
e. Mention the essential features of a market
f. Mention types of market
HOME-WORK: Describe a money market
WEEK 8
Distribution
PREVIEW
a. Meaning of Distribution
b. Channels or Chains of distribution
c. Functions of each of the channel of distribution
Full Content
a. Meaning of Distribution
Distribution is the process by which goods produced are made to reach the final consumer. It includes the totality of activities that occur between the time when goods are produced and when they reach the final consumer. These activities could be packaging, warehousing, transportation, etc.
b. Channels or Chains of Distribution
These are routes or sequence through which goods move from the manufacturer to the consumer. This is illustrated below:
c. Functions Of The Channels Of Distribution
i. The Producer
The producer is the person who manufactures goods or provides services to satisfy consumers’ need
Functions of the Producer
a. He ensures that the goods produced or services rendered suit the consumer.
b. He advertises his goods and services to enhance patronage
c. He offers after sales service to customers
ii. The Wholesaler
This is an intermediary who buys in large quantities from the manufacturer and sells in small quantities to the retailer.
Functions of the Wholesaler
a. He buys in bulk from the producer.
b. Sells in small quantities to the retailer
c. Gives useful information about the market to the producer so that he can adjust his production to meet consumers’ needs
d. Allows the retailer to buy on credit.
e. Finances the producer by making prompt or advance payment
iii. The Retailer
This is the last link in the channel of distribution. The retailer buys from the wholesaler in small quantities and sells in smaller quantities to the final consumer
Functions of the Retailer
a. Sells in smaller quantities to the final consumer
b. Provides after sales services to consumers
c. Makes a variety of goods available to the consumers
Provide useful information such as complaints about the goods to the wholesaler.
d. Sometime allows consumers to buy on credit.
iv. The Consumer
This is the end user of a product. Without the consumer, there will not be any need to produce goods or services.
Functions of a Consumer
a. Determines what is to be produced, the quantity and quality of the goods
b. Encourages competition among producer/manufacturer
c. He is the end user of a product.
EVALUATION:
a. The last link in the chain of distribution is (a) the Consumer (b) the Retailer (c) the Producer
b. The end user of a product is called (a) The Producer (b) The Consumer (c) the Retailer
c. Which of the following provides finance to Producer (a) Consumer (b) Wholesaler (c) Retailer
Theory
a. Draw out the Channel of Distribution
Explain how a consumer encourages competition among manufacturers.
PREVIEW
a. Meaning of Distribution
b. Channels or Chains of distribution
c. Functions of each of the channel of distribution
Full Content
a. Meaning of Distribution
Distribution is the process by which goods produced are made to reach the final consumer. It includes the totality of activities that occur between the time when goods are produced and when they reach the final consumer. These activities could be packaging, warehousing, transportation, etc.
b. Channels or Chains of Distribution
These are routes or sequence through which goods move from the manufacturer to the consumer. This is illustrated below:
c. Functions Of The Channels Of Distribution
i. The Producer
The producer is the person who manufactures goods or provides services to satisfy consumers’ need
Functions of the Producer
a. He ensures that the goods produced or services rendered suit the consumer.
b. He advertises his goods and services to enhance patronage
c. He offers after sales service to customers
ii. The Wholesaler
This is an intermediary who buys in large quantities from the manufacturer and sells in small quantities to the retailer.
Functions of the Wholesaler
a. He buys in bulk from the producer.
b. Sells in small quantities to the retailer
c. Gives useful information about the market to the producer so that he can adjust his production to meet consumers’ needs
d. Allows the retailer to buy on credit.
e. Finances the producer by making prompt or advance payment
iii. The Retailer
This is the last link in the channel of distribution. The retailer buys from the wholesaler in small quantities and sells in smaller quantities to the final consumer
Functions of the Retailer
a. Sells in smaller quantities to the final consumer
b. Provides after sales services to consumers
c. Makes a variety of goods available to the consumers
Provide useful information such as complaints about the goods to the wholesaler.
d. Sometime allows consumers to buy on credit.
iv. The Consumer
This is the end user of a product. Without the consumer, there will not be any need to produce goods or services.
Functions of a Consumer
a. Determines what is to be produced, the quantity and quality of the goods
b. Encourages competition among producer/manufacturer
c. He is the end user of a product.
EVALUATION:
a. The last link in the chain of distribution is (a) the Consumer (b) the Retailer (c) the Producer
b. The end user of a product is called (a) The Producer (b) The Consumer (c) the Retailer
c. Which of the following provides finance to Producer (a) Consumer (b) Wholesaler (c) Retailer
Theory
a. Draw out the Channel of Distribution
Explain how a consumer encourages competition among manufacturers.
WEEK 9
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Commodity Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention types of market
mention types of commodity market
CONTENTS:
TYPES OF MARKET
We have two types of market. They are:
Commodity Market
Open air market
Market stalls
Shop
Financial Market
Capital market
Foreign exchange market
Money market
COMMODITY MARKET
These are made up of:
a. Market for raw materials e.g. rubber, cocoa, fish e.t.c
b. Market for finished goods e.g. cars, television, door e.t.c
It is divided into three.
OPEN AIR MARKET: In this type of market, sellers display their wares in the open air or under the trees for shade.
MARKET STALLS: Stalls are small enclosures or rooms which usually have open fronts for the display of wares. They may even be kiosks or stands within large walled areas usually in big towns or cities.
SHOPS: A shop may be a single room in a building, a number of shops in a location called a shopping centre.
EVALUATION:
mention two types of market
What is commodity market?
mention and explain three types of commodity market
HOME-WORK: what do you understand by financial market?
LESSON 18
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Financial Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
define financial market
mention types of financial market
explain types of financial market
CONTENTS:
FINANCIAL MARKET
These are market for borrowers of money and lenders of money for the purpose of aiding trade.
It is divided into three. They are:
Capital market
Foreign exchange market
Money market
CAPITAL MARKET: This is a market for raising more money. It provides capital for business men mainly on long term basis.
An example of the capital market in Nigeria is the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market{NSE}
FOREIGN EXCHANG MARKET: This is a market where currencies are change. E.g. dollars can be changed to Naira.
EVALUATION:
What do you understand by financial market?
Write short notes on capital market and foreign exchange market
HOME-WORK: prepare a paper on the activities of the Nigerian stock exchange market
LESSON 19
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Money Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
state the meaning of money market
give examples of money market
CONTENTS:
MONEY MARKET
This is made up of institutions that lend out money for commercial purposes.
These are commercial banks, merchant banks and other finance houses.
They give out money on short term basis.
EVALUATION:
What do you understand by money market
Mention five examples of money market around you.
HOME-WORK: Define market
further studies
http://www.preservearticles.com/2011061 ... arket.html
practice test
http://global.oup.com/us/companion.webs ... plechoice/
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_case_econ_8/ ... index.html
http://www.slideshare.net/hyunsu612/qui ... -structure
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Commodity Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
mention types of market
mention types of commodity market
CONTENTS:
TYPES OF MARKET
We have two types of market. They are:
Commodity Market
Open air market
Market stalls
Shop
Financial Market
Capital market
Foreign exchange market
Money market
COMMODITY MARKET
These are made up of:
a. Market for raw materials e.g. rubber, cocoa, fish e.t.c
b. Market for finished goods e.g. cars, television, door e.t.c
It is divided into three.
OPEN AIR MARKET: In this type of market, sellers display their wares in the open air or under the trees for shade.
MARKET STALLS: Stalls are small enclosures or rooms which usually have open fronts for the display of wares. They may even be kiosks or stands within large walled areas usually in big towns or cities.
SHOPS: A shop may be a single room in a building, a number of shops in a location called a shopping centre.
EVALUATION:
mention two types of market
What is commodity market?
mention and explain three types of commodity market
HOME-WORK: what do you understand by financial market?
LESSON 18
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Financial Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
define financial market
mention types of financial market
explain types of financial market
CONTENTS:
FINANCIAL MARKET
These are market for borrowers of money and lenders of money for the purpose of aiding trade.
It is divided into three. They are:
Capital market
Foreign exchange market
Money market
CAPITAL MARKET: This is a market for raising more money. It provides capital for business men mainly on long term basis.
An example of the capital market in Nigeria is the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market{NSE}
FOREIGN EXCHANG MARKET: This is a market where currencies are change. E.g. dollars can be changed to Naira.
EVALUATION:
What do you understand by financial market?
Write short notes on capital market and foreign exchange market
HOME-WORK: prepare a paper on the activities of the Nigerian stock exchange market
LESSON 19
MAIN TOPIC: MARKET
SPECIFIC TOPIC: Money Market
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Macmillan JSS2 Business Studies by Awoyokun A.A et al .Pages 16-18
WABP JSS Business Studies 2 by Egbe T. Ehiametalor. Pages 32-37
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
state the meaning of money market
give examples of money market
CONTENTS:
MONEY MARKET
This is made up of institutions that lend out money for commercial purposes.
These are commercial banks, merchant banks and other finance houses.
They give out money on short term basis.
EVALUATION:
What do you understand by money market
Mention five examples of money market around you.
HOME-WORK: Define market
further studies
http://www.preservearticles.com/2011061 ... arket.html
practice test
http://global.oup.com/us/companion.webs ... plechoice/
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_case_econ_8/ ... index.html
http://www.slideshare.net/hyunsu612/qui ... -structure
